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Evaluation of a workplace alcohol prevention program targeted on managers’ inclination to initiate early alcohol interventions
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4452-8080
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7576-9410
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences. Karolinska Institutet, Sverige.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0013-2965
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5923-0092
2022 (English)In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 73, no 2, p. 517-526Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Alcohol interventions targeting the adult population are often conducted in healthcare settings, while preventive interventions often target adolescents or young adults. The general working population is often overlooked. A workplace-based intervention, consisting of development and implementation of an organizational alcohol policy, and skills development training for managers (APMaT) was carried out in order to prevent and reduce alcohol-related harms by identifying hazardous consumers at an early stage. 

Objective: This study aims to evaluate APMaT by focusing on managers’ inclination to initiate early alcohol intervention.

Methods: In a cluster randomized design, data were obtained from 187 managers (control: n = 70; intervention: n = 117). Inclination to initiate early alcohol intervention was measured using three items on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Changes in managers’ inclination to intervene were analyzed by applying multilevel ordered logistic regression. Predictors included in the model were group (control vs. intervention), time (baseline vs. 12-month follow-up), and the multiplicative interaction term (group × time).

Results: Significant increase in inclination to intervene against hazardous alcohol consumption among managers in the intervention group compared to managers in the control group was observed. Specifically, a 50% increase of confidence to initiate an intervention was observed among managers in the intervention group.

Conclusions: APMaT seems effective to increase managers’ inclination to intervene early against hazardous consumption in the workplace. The effectiveness of APMaT at the employee level should be explored in prospective studies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. Vol. 73, no 2, p. 517-526
Keywords [en]
workplace interventions, APMaT, alcohol prevention, hazardous alcohol consumption, inclination to intervene
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Research subject
Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-203817DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210943ISI: 000885837700003PubMedID: 35938276Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85140351170OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-203817DiVA, id: diva2:1651579
Available from: 2022-04-12 Created: 2022-04-12 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Intervening in a social world: An evaluation of an alcohol prevention programme in a Swedish workplace context
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intervening in a social world: An evaluation of an alcohol prevention programme in a Swedish workplace context
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A sizeable portion of hazardous alcohol consumers are found in the workforce, suggesting that the workplace could provide opportunities for preventing and reducing hazardous alcohol use at an early stage. One such intervention is the multi-component alcohol prevention programme, ‘APMaT’ (Alcohol Policy and Managers’ skills Training), designed and delivered by Alna, an organisation that provides services to prevent harmful behaviours in Swedish workplaces. This thesis is a programme evaluation of APMaT, assessing its effectiveness through survey data at the managerial and employee levels.

Study I described the sociodemographic, work-, and health-related characteristics of managers relative to their inclination to intervene and organisational alcohol policy knowledge. Moreover, the association between managers’ inclination to intervene and knowledge about organisational alcohol policy was examined. The number of supervised employees was strongly associated with both the inclination to intervene and alcohol policy knowledge, and a graded positive association was found between managers’ inclination to intervene and alcohol policy knowledge. The findings implied that managerial characteristics may play a role in potential actions to initiate early alcohol interventions.

Study II evaluated the effectiveness of APMaT, focusing on changes in the inclination to intervene at an early stage among managers at one-year follow-up. The findings suggested that APMaT is somewhat effective in increasing managers’ inclination to initiate an intervention by increasing their confidence in initiating a dialogue with employees, which may increase the likelihood of initiating an intervention at an early stage.

Study III further assessed the effectiveness of APMaT by examining changes in the risk of hazardous alcohol use among employees at one-year follow-up. The study did not provide strong empirical evidence in support of the effectiveness of APMaT regarding the reduction of hazardous alcohol use within the given follow-up time.

Given the mixed support for the effectiveness provided by Studies II and III, Study IV described managers’ perceived barriers in the dissemination of their organisational alcohol policy. This dissemination was an important component of APMaT because all managers were expected to facilitate its implementation throughout the workplace. Uncertainties and a variety of perceived organisational obstacles were reported by the managers to have hindered the dissemination of the organisational alcohol policy.

This thesis highlights the complexity of delivering and implementing an intervention in a complex and dynamic setting, such as the workplace. The findings suggested that the investigated intervention, APMaT, might be effective in changing attitudes among managers, whereas no concrete effects on employees’ hazardous alcohol use could be demonstrated. Nevertheless, the studies contributed with knowledge to the development of prospective workplace prevention programmes.

Abstract [sv]

En betydande andel av riskkonsumenter av alkohol finns i arbetskraften vilket tyder på att arbetsplatsen kan ge möjligheter att förebygga och minska riskkonsumtion av alkohol i ett tidigt skede. Ett alkoholförebyggande program med flera komponenter, s.k. ‘APMaT’ (engelsk förkortning för alkoholpolicy och utbildningstillfällen för chefer), designades och levererades av Alna, en organisation som tillhandahåller förebyggande insatser kring riskbeteende. Denna avhandling är en utvärdering av APMaT kring dess effektivitet genom att använda enkätdata både på chefs- och medarbetarnivåer.

Studie I beskrev de sociodemografiska, arbets- och hälsorelaterade faktorerna bland chefer avseende deras benägenhet att genomföra insatser och deras kunskaper kring alkoholpolicy. Dessutom undersöktes sambandet mellan benägenhet att genomföra tidiga insatser och kunskaperna kring alkoholpolicy. Antalet underanställda hade ett starkt samband med både chefers benägenhet att genomföra insatser och kunskaperna kring alkoholpolicy, och att ett positivt graderat samband konstaterats mellan chefers benägenhet att genomföra tidiga insatser och deras alkoholpolicykunskap. Resultaten tyder på att chefers individuella faktorer kan ha betydelse för potentiella handlingar att genomföra tidiga insatser.

Studie II utvärderade effektiviteten av APMaT genom att fokusera på förändringar i benägenhet att genomföra tidiga insatser bland chefer vid ettårsuppföljningstid. Resultaten tyder på att APMaT är effektiv till en viss del för att öka benägenhet att genomföra insatser genom ökat självförtroende att påbörja ett samtal med sina medarbetare, vilket kan öka sannolikheten att genomföra tidiga insatser i ett tidigt skede.

Studie III utvärderade effektiviteten av APMaT ytterligare genom att undersöka förändringar i riskkonsumtionen av alkohol bland medarbetare vid ettårsuppföljningstid. Denna studie gav inte en stark empirisk evidens för att stödja effektiviteten av APMaT gällande riskkonsumtion av alkohol med den innevarande uppföljningstiden.

Med tanke på det blandade stödet av effektiviteten som tillhandahölls av Studier II och III, beskrev Studie IV chefers uppfattningar kring potentiella hinder i utspridningen av arbetsplatsens alkoholpolicy som är en viktig del av APMaT då chefer förväntades att underlätta dess implementering igenom hela arbetsplatsen. Osäkerheter och en mångfald av organisationshinder uppfattades som förhinder i utspridningen av arbetsplatsens alkoholpolicy.

Denna avhandling belyser komplexiteten i leveransen och implementeringen av en insats i en komplex och dynamisk miljö, såsom arbetsplatsen. Resultaten föreslog att den alkoholförebyggandeinsatsen, APMaT, kan vara effektiv om att förändra chefers attityd dock kunde inga konkreta effekter bland medarbetares riskkonsumtion av alkohol påvisades. Studierna har dock bidragit med kunskaper för utvecklingen av framtida arbetsplatsrelaterade förebyggande program.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 2022. p. 73
Series
Stockholm Studies in Public Health Sciences, ISSN 2003-0061 ; 8
Keywords
alcohol prevention, workplace intervention, organisational policy, effectiveness study, hazardous alcohol use, cluster randomised controlled trial, programme evaluation, programme effectiveness, outcome evaluation
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Research subject
Public Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-203412 (URN)978-91-7911-898-3 (ISBN)978-91-7911-899-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-06-10, Hörsal 4, Albano Hus 2, Albanovägen 18 and online on Zoom, with a public link available on the department’s website, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-05-18 Created: 2022-04-26 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

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Elling, Devy L.Brännström Almquist, YlvaWennberg, PeterSundqvist, Kristina

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