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How the sensory ecology of the bumblebee affects their functional traits
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0169-1558
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Morphological traits are important for trait-based ecological studies as they allow for the prediction of biodiversity across the biosphere. Currently, the predictive power of trait-based ecology is not often applied to terrestrial arthropods, even though they provide us with important agricultural, ecological, and cultural value. The aim of my PhD was to study how functional morphological traits of bumblebees are linked to different environmental factors.

Overlooking intraspecifc variations of functional morphological traits in trait-based ecology is common and might lead to underestimation of adaptive capabilities in a species. In Chapter I, we used allometry to compare the scaling relationships of three different organs (compound eyes, wings, and antennae) among the size polymorphic workers of the buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. We used 12 colonies of which half developed at a sub-optimal elevated temperature (32°C, rather than 25°C). We found that each colony had a specific scaling profile for each organ and these differences could not be attributed to temperature stress. The variability in scaling among colonies suggests an intraspecific flexibility in investment in functional morphological traits.

In Chapter II, I developed a method to estimate the size of the dorsal rim area (DRA), a specialized region in the compound eye of B. terrestris. The DRA has been greatly understudied due to the lack of easy and high-throughput methdods to study it. My method encompasses the use of 2D photography and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to determine the size of the DRA and the characteristics of its ommatidial structures. Using my method, I performed an allometric study on the scaling of DRA with body size in B.terrestris and found that crystalline cones of the DRA are significantly smaller compared to other regions of the eye.

In Chapter III, I compared the visual systems (compound eyes, DRA, ocelli) in the workers of four different bumblebee species (B. jonellus, B. pratorum, B. hypnorum, and B. monticola). These species are found in different habitats and I found that this is reflected in their visual system investment. Species living in forests invested more in their visual systems compared to species found in open or open/forested environments. Our study suggests that habitat preference may indeed shape the visual system of different bumblebee species.

Bumblebee species often occur sympatrically and we studied their co-existence in a hemiboreal forest with a limited variety of floral resources. Bumblebee species can avoid competition by foraging at different times of the day. To identify the traits that might allow this coexistence, we combined full-day monitoring of bumblebee communities with detailed functional trait measurements in Chapter IV. We found that temperature affected the presence and absence of species while light intensity affected the abundance of individuals and suggest that this pattern could be linked with visual and thermoregulatory traits.

My combined findings show that bumblebees are an excellent model system for studying trait-environment relationships as they exhibit (i) intraspecific differences in traits, (ii) idiosyncrhatic and ubiquitous traits like the DRA, (iii) clear trait-environment relationships, and (iv) an example of how traits aid in the coexistence of similar species.

 

Abstract [sv]

Morfologiska egenskaper är viktiga för egenskapsbaserade ekologiska studier eftersom de möjliggör förutsägelse av biologisk mångfald över hela biosfären. För närvarande tillämpas inte den prediktiva kraften hos egenskapsbaserad ekologi ofta på landlevande leddjur, även om de ger oss viktiga jordbruksmässiga, ekologiska och kulturella värden. Syftet med min doktorsexamen var att studera hur funktionella morfologiska egenskaper hos humlor är kopplade till olika miljöfaktorer.Att förbise intraspecifika variationer av funktionella morfologiska egenskaper i egenskapsbaserad ekologi är vanligt och kan leda till att en art underskattar anpassningsförmågan.

I kapitel I använde vi allometri för att jämföra skalförhållandet mellan tre olika organ (sammansatta ögon, vingar och antenner) bland polymorfa arbetare i storleken hos den gulstjärtade humlan, Bombus terrestris. Vi använde 12 kolonier varav hälften utvecklades vid en suboptimal förhöjd temperatur (32°C, snarare än 25°C). Vi fann att varje koloni hade en specifik skalningsprofil för varje organ och dessa skillnader kunde inte tillskrivas temperaturstress. Variabiliteten i skalning mellan kolonier antyder en intraspecifik flexibilitet i investeringar i funktionella morfologiska egenskaper.

I kapitel II utvecklade jag en metod för att uppskatta storleken på dorsal rim area (DRA), en specialiserad region i det sammansatta ögat av B. terrestris. DRA har varit mycket understuderat på grund av bristen på enkla och högeffektiva metoder för att studera den. Min metod omfattar användningen av 2D-fotografering och mikrodatortomografi (mikro-CT) för att bestämma storleken på DRA och egenskaperna hos dess ommatidiala strukturer. Med min metod utförde jag en allometrisk studie på skalningen av DRA med kroppsstorlek i B.terrestris och fann att kristallina koner av DRA är betydligt mindre jämfört med andra regioner i ögat.

I kapitel III jämförde jag synsystemen (sammansatta ögon, DRA, ocelli) hos arbetare hos fyra olika humlor (B. jonellus, B. pratorum, B. hypnorum och B. monticola). Dessa arter finns i olika livsmiljöer och jag fann att detta återspeglas i deras visuella systeminvestering. Arter som lever i skogar investerade mer i sina visuella system jämfört med arter som finns i öppna eller öppna/skogsklädda miljöer. Vår studie tyder på att habitatpreferenser verkligen kan forma det visuella systemet hos olika humlor.

Humlor förekommer ofta sympatiskt och vi studerade deras samexistens i en hemiboreal skog med en begränsad variation av blomresurser. Humlor kan undvika konkurrens genom att söka föda vid olika tider på dygnet. För att identifiera de egenskaper som kan möjliggöra denna samexistens, kombinerade vi heldagsövervakning av humlesamhällen med detaljerade funktionella egenskapersmätningar i kapitel IV. Vi fann att temperaturen påverkade närvaron och frånvaron av arter medan ljusintensiteten påverkade mängden individer och antyder att detta mönster kan kopplas till visuella och termoregulatoriska egenskaper.

Mina kombinerade resultat visar att humlor är ett utmärkt modellsystem för att studera egenskaper-miljö-relationer eftersom de uppvisar (i) intraspecifika skillnader i egenskaper, (ii) idiosynkratiska och allestädes närvarande egenskaper som DRA, (iii) tydliga egenskaper-miljö-relationer, och (iv) ett exempel på hur egenskaper underlättar samexistensen av liknande arter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , 2023. , p. 26
Keywords [en]
Bumblebee, functional morphological traits, intraspecific differences, allometry, DRA, micro-CT, co-existence
National Category
Zoology Ecology
Research subject
Functional Zoomorphology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-222641ISBN: 978-91-8014-544-2 (print)ISBN: 978-91-8014-545-9 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-222641DiVA, id: diva2:1804861
Public defence
2023-12-01, Vivi Täckholmsalen (Q-salen), NPQ-huset, Svante Arrhenius väg 20, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-11-03 Created: 2023-10-13 Last updated: 2023-10-27Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Substantial variability in morphological scaling among bumblebee colonies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Substantial variability in morphological scaling among bumblebee colonies
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2022 (English)In: Royal Society Open Science, E-ISSN 2054-5703, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 211436Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Differences in organ scaling among individuals may play an important role in determining behavioural variation. In social insects, there are well-documented intraspecific differences in colony behaviour, but the extent that organ scaling differs within and between colonies remains unclear. Using 12 different colonies of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, we aim to address this knowledge gap by measuring the scaling relationships between three different organs (compound eyes, wings and antennae) and body size in workers. Though colonies were exposed to different rearing temperatures, this environmental variability did not explain the differences of the scaling relationships. Two colonies had differences in wing versus antenna slopes, three colonies showed differences in wing versus eye slopes and a single colony has differences between eye versus antenna slopes. There are also differences in antennae scaling slopes between three different colonies, and we present evidence for putative trade-offs in morphological investment. We discuss the utility of having variable scaling among colonies and the implication for understanding variability in colony fitness and behaviour.

Keywords
allometry, colony, hive, scaling, bumblebee
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-201369 (URN)10.1098/rsos.211436 (DOI)000741312400014 ()
Available from: 2022-01-26 Created: 2022-01-26 Last updated: 2023-10-13Bibliographically approved
2. Novel Methodology for Localizing and Studying Insect Dorsal Rim Area Morphology in 2D and 3D
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Novel Methodology for Localizing and Studying Insect Dorsal Rim Area Morphology in 2D and 3D
2023 (English)In: Insects, ISSN 2075-4450, E-ISSN 2075-4450, Vol. 14, no 8, article id 670Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Polarized light-based navigation in insects is facilitated by a polarization-sensitive part of the eye, the dorsal rim area (DRA). Existing methods to study the anatomy of the DRA are destructive and time-consuming. We presented a novel method for DRA localization, dissection, and measurement using 3D volumetric images from X-ray micro-computed tomography in combination with 2D photographs. Applying the method on size-polymorphic buff-tailed bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, we found that the DRA was easily obtainable from photographs of the dorsal eye region. Allometric analysis of the DRA in relation to body size in B. terrestris showed that it increased with the body size but not at the same rate. By localizing the DRA of individual bumblebees, we could also perform individual-level descriptions and inter-individual comparisons between the ommatidial structures (lens, crystalline cones, rhabdoms) of three different eye regions (DRA, non-DRA, proximate to DRA). One feature distinct to the bumblebee DRA was the smaller dimension of the crystalline cones in comparison to other regions of the eye. Using our novel methodology, we provide the first individual-level description of DRA ommatidial features and a comparison of how the DRA varies with body size in bumblebees.

Keywords
allometry, bumblebee, dorsal rim area, micro-computed tomography, ommatidia, virtual histology
National Category
Zoology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-221657 (URN)10.3390/insects14080670 (DOI)001056155600001 ()37623380 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85169040095 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-10-09 Created: 2023-10-09 Last updated: 2023-10-13Bibliographically approved
3. Visual system comparisons between bumblebee species
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Visual system comparisons between bumblebee species
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Zoology
Research subject
Functional Zoomorphology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-222635 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Available from: 2023-10-13 Created: 2023-10-13 Last updated: 2023-10-13
4. Warm or bright, an exploration of the morphological traits explaining bumblebee habitat use
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Warm or bright, an exploration of the morphological traits explaining bumblebee habitat use
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Zoology Ecology
Research subject
Functional Zoomorphology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-222638 (URN)
Available from: 2023-10-13 Created: 2023-10-13 Last updated: 2023-10-13

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