The current Polish population in Sweden came into being after World War II, and is the fourth largest migrant group in Sweden, and the largest Polish concentration in the Nordic countries; since the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, it has experienced significant growth. It contains not only ethnic Poles, but also Polish Jews, and is multi-generational, relatively wealthy, and engaged in Swedish public life. The group’s vitality is characterised by diverse activity forms, mainly – but not solely – aimed at the maintenance and cultivation of Polish culture and traditions, e.g. different associations, their own website, and involvement in the Catholic Church in Sweden. Linguistic research on Polish as a migrant and heritage language in Sweden has largely focused on child language acquisition, adult first language attrition, and some aspects of language choice, use, and maintenance at the family level. Thanks to Sweden’s educational policy, Polish is offered as an elective subject in the Swedish school system. It is also taught as foreign language at university level. More linguistic and educational linguistic research is needed.