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Attosecond information encoded in the photoemission angle
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8660-9989
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Electrons that break free during photoionization acquire a phase shift induced by the many-body potential of the parent ion. This phase shift can be interpreted as a delay in the photoionization process. This delay is very brief—on the order of attoseconds—and the time-scale of the process is short enough to, until recently, have been approximated as instantaneous. Recent developments in experimental methods have enabled the generation of light pulses of attosecond duration, allowing these phenomena to be probed in experiments. The photoionization delay can be measured in short-pulse pump-probe experiments that utilizes methods like RABBIT or streaking. Originally these experimental protocols used linearly polarized light and non-angularly resolved measurements.

When the capability to use circularly polarized pulses in experiments grow, the numerical methods used to simulate such experiments must follow, and be made capable of accounting for pulses with non-linear polarization. As more experiments collect angularly resolved data it is important to develop tools to analyse these more complex results.

This thesis summarizes the work I have done to extend two numerical simulation methods to circular polarization, as well as the extension of a theoretical tool to angularly resolved delays. By decoupling the angular and radial parts through the implementation of coupled two-photon operators, I have enabled the calculation of two-photon matrix elements for any detection angle and combination of photon polarizations.

I have computed general formulas for so-called asymmetry parameters that can be used to effectively describe and analyze the angular dependence of cross sections and delays. I have further worked on extending a program suite that simulates the interaction of atoms with light in the time-dependent regime so that it can simulate light of arbitrary polarization.

Through these efforts we have found ways to either simplify experiments, or to make them directly sensitive to only the effects of the probe pulse, which is the physically interesting part of the experimental signal.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Physics, Stockholm University , 2024. , p. 94
Keywords [en]
attosecond, photoemission, delay, circular polarization, angular dependence, asymmetry parameters
Keywords [sv]
attosekund, fotoemission, fördröjning, cirkulärpolarisation, vinkelberoende, asymmetriparametrar
National Category
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Research subject
Theoretical Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-227936ISBN: 978-91-8014-751-4 (print)ISBN: 978-91-8014-752-1 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-227936DiVA, id: diva2:1848886
Public defence
2024-05-22, FB52, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2017.0104Swedish Research Council, 2018-03845, 2020-03315Available from: 2024-04-25 Created: 2024-04-04 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Study of the possibilities with combinations of circularly and linearly polarized light for attosecond delay investigations
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Study of the possibilities with combinations of circularly and linearly polarized light for attosecond delay investigations
2020 (English)In: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, ISSN 0953-4075, E-ISSN 1361-6455, Vol. 53, no 13, article id 134003Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present calculations on the atomic delay in photoionzation obtained with different combinations of linearly and circularly polarized light, and show how a tensor operator approach can be used to readily obtain results for any combination from a single calculation of the radial integrals. We find that for certain choices of polarization and detection geometry a single time-delay measurement is enough to extract the atomic delay since the relative phase in a RABBIT type measurement will be imprinted on the photo electron anisotropy. We show further that the full angular dependence can be qualitatively understood from a plane wave analysis. The results are illustrated by many-body calculations of two-photon above threshold ionization on argon.

Keywords
attosecond delay, delay in ionization, RABBIT, circular polarization, angular momentum theory, many-body perturbation theory, random-phase approximation with exchange
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183948 (URN)10.1088/1361-6455/ab84c6 (DOI)000541830500001 ()2-s2.0-85086993557 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-08-28 Created: 2020-08-28 Last updated: 2024-04-04Bibliographically approved
2. Angular anisotropy parameters for photoionization delays
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Angular anisotropy parameters for photoionization delays
Show others...
2021 (English)In: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information, ISSN 2469-9926, E-ISSN 2469-9934, Vol. 104, no 3, article id 033108Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Anisotropy parameters describing the angular dependence of the photoionization delay are defined. The formalism is applied to results obtained with the relativistic random phase approximation with exchange for photoionization delay from the outermost s-orbitals in selected rare-gas atoms. Any angular dependence in the Wigner delay is induced here by relativistic effects, while the measurable atomic delay exhibits such a dependence also in the nonrelativistic limit. The contributions to the anisotropy from the different sources are disentangled and discussed. For the heavier rare gases, it is shown that measurements of the delay for electrons ejected in specific angles, relative to, e.g., those ejected along the laser polarization, are directly related here to the Wigner delay. For a considerable range of angles, the contributions from the second photon largely get canceled when the results in different angles are compared, and this angle-relative atomic delay is then close to the corresponding Wigner delay.

Keywords
Light-matter interaction, Single- and few-photon ionization & excitation, Ultrafast phenomena
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-197867 (URN)10.1103/PhysRevA.104.033108 (DOI)000700565900001 ()2-s2.0-85115344573 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-10-19 Created: 2021-10-19 Last updated: 2024-04-04Bibliographically approved
3. Photoionization cross sections and delays for resonances between the outermost np3/2 and np1/2 thresholds in xenon and radon
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Photoionization cross sections and delays for resonances between the outermost np3/2 and np1/2 thresholds in xenon and radon
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Photoionization cross sections and delays are calculated within the relativistic random phase approximation with exchange for xenon and radon in the energy region between the first and second ionization threshold. Resonance parameters for the first few resonances in both systems are presented and the angular dependence is discussed.

Keywords
photoionization, delay, attosecond, asymmetry parameters, numerical simulation
National Category
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Research subject
Theoretical Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-227933 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2020-0331Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2017.0104Wenner-Gren FoundationsCarl Tryggers foundation
Available from: 2024-04-04 Created: 2024-04-04 Last updated: 2024-04-05

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Sörngård, Johanna

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