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A paper-based analytical device for the on-site multiplexed monitoring of soil nutrients extracted with a cafetière
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3443-802X
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). University of Hull, United Kingdom.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9391-9387
2025 (English)In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 424, article id 136881Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sustainable agricultural production has the aim to maximise the yield and quality of harvests. For that, farmers need to monitor nutrient levels within soils to apply fertilizers accordingly and to prevent land degradation and soil exhaustion. Current methods involve time-consuming sampling and transport to a laboratory; and most farmers do not have the resources to measure frequently at multiple locations, limiting their sustainable production. In order to address this challenge, a paper-based analytical device (PAD) for the multiplexed detection of soil nutrients, i.e. phosphate, nitrate and pH, extracted with a cafetière-based method, is developed in this work. The compact and easy-to-use platform enables an accurate soil analysis in less than 20 min; 3 min for extraction and 15 min for readout. Two detection channels for nitrate and phosphate analysis, and one circular detection area for pH, including the selective reagents to each analyte, are defined within the PAD. Upon contact with the specific nutrients, the platform produces a colorimetric response that is easily readable by naked eye and smartphone camera. The detection reactions were optimized in the range 1 − 22.5 mg L−1, 10 −100 mg L−1 and 5.0 – 8.5 for phosphate, nitrate and pH, respectively, in agreement with the relevant levels in soils. The volume of water, the number of pushes of the plunger, the extraction time and the mass of soil were also optimized for the nutrient extraction method with the cafetière. The optimal workflow was validated with commercial soils and compared with the conventional UV-Vis method and the labels from the soil package, showing excellent agreement. This paper-based platform provides the possibility of a cheap, sensitive and specific monitoring of soil nutrients by minimally trained operators, such as farmers, enabling in-the-field analyses of multiple key soil nutrients in resource-limited settings and therefore addressing the challenge of routine monitoring for sustainable agriculture.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 424, article id 136881
Keywords [en]
Paper-based analytical device, Multiplexed soil nutrient monitoring, In-the-field agricultural control, Phosphate, Nitrate and pH detection, Cafetière-based soil extraction
National Category
Analytical Chemistry Soil Science
Research subject
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-235426DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2024.136881ISI: 001356498700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85208462403OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-235426DiVA, id: diva2:1912569
Funder
Carl Tryggers foundation , CTS21:1529European Commission, HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01Available from: 2024-11-12 Created: 2024-11-12 Last updated: 2025-02-17Bibliographically approved

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Giménez-Gómez, PabloPriem, NicolinaPamme, Nicole

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