There is a need to adapt the Swedish tax system to challenges from new business models based on new technology, globalization, and sustainability requirements. The rapidly changing world, where Sweden is not an isolated player but interacts on a global scale, calls for an in-depth analysis of how to design a sustainable and legitimate tax system that finances our future public welfare. The need to reform the Swedish tax system is not new, several proposals have been presented. However, this is the first time that the creation of an interdisciplinary research group featuring a broad range of competences is proposed, involving public finance, technical competences, anthropology and legal dogmatics. In this article, we argue for the need to create an interdisciplinary tax research center and report on an inspiring international workshop “Taxation and the Rule of Law in a digital world: How, where, and by whom?” held at the Pufendorf Institute in Lund, April 2024.