Bilingualism is a highly studied topic with a rich and interdisciplinary literature. Bilingualism is also an essential aspect of interpreting. Thus, many researchers within the field of interpreting studies have been influenced by and draw from the bilingualism literature in their investigations of interpreting. These researchers primarily rely on bilingualism research within cognitive neuroscience, in particular theories about bilingual language control and the purported bilingual advantage. The present chapter illuminates this influence within research in interpreting studies. An overview of the seminal theories of bilingual language control as well as the bilingual advantage hypothesis is provided followed by a presentation of research within interpreting that stems from these works. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the hypothesized interpreter advantage and other current issues within cognitive neuroscience research in interpreting studies.