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The Emergence of the Star Formation Main Sequence with Redshift Unfolded by JWST
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Number of Authors: 162025 (English)In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 981, no 2, article id 161Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We investigate the correlation between stellar mass (M⋆) and star formation rate (SFR) across the stellar mass range log 10 ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ ) ≈ 6 - 11 . We consider almost 50,000 star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 3-7, leveraging data from COSMOS/SMUVS, JADES/GOODS-S, and MIDIS/XDF. This is the first study spanning such a wide M⋆ range without relying on gravitational lensing effects. We locate our galaxies on the SFR-M⋆ plane to assess how the location of galaxies in the star formation main sequence (MS) and starburst (SB) region evolves with M⋆ and redshift. We find that the two star-forming modes tend to converge at log 10 ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ ) < 7 , with all galaxies found in the SB mode. However, deeper observations will be instrumental for reaching lower SFRs and M⋆ to further validate this scenario. By dissecting our galaxy sample in M⋆ and redshift, we show that the emergence of the star formation MS is M⋆ dependent: while in galaxies with log 10 ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ ) > 9 the MS is already well in place at z = 5-7, for galaxies with log 10 ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ ) ≈ 7 - 8 it only becomes significant at z < 4. Overall, our results are in line with previous findings that the SB mode dominates among low stellar-mass galaxies. The earlier emergence of the MS for massive galaxies is consistent with galaxy downsizing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 981, no 2, article id 161
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Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-241907DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adb309ISI: 001439743600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-86000440563OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-241907DiVA, id: diva2:1951439
Available from: 2025-04-10 Created: 2025-04-10 Last updated: 2025-04-10Bibliographically approved

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Östlin, GöranMelinder, Jens

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Östlin, GöranMelinder, Jens
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Department of AstronomyThe Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC)
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