Background: This study critically examines the central policy documents that regulate care and support for people with disabilities in South Africa and Sweden.

Methods: The study critically analyses South Africa's White Paper on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Swedish Disability Act. Utilizing the “What's the Problem Represented to be? (WPR)” framework developed by Bacchi, the problematization of disability in these policy documents is discussed.

Results: Both countries have shifted from a medical model of disability toward a more inclusive, rights-based approach. While South Africa focuses on addressing historical inequalities and promoting mainstreaming, Sweden prioritizes individual autonomy, personal assistance, and structural support for independent living.

Conclusions: The analysis reveals that South Africa relies more heavily on family and community support for individuals with disabilities. By contrast, Sweden promotes greater self-determination for individuals, reducing the burden on families by offering state-supported personal assistance.