Swedish family policy is more or less completely gender-neutral and includes strong incentives for shared parenthood. Parental rights and responsibilities are not dependent on sharing residence with children, and cooperation on parenting is assumed also after separation, including the sharing of costs for children when children live mainly with one parent or in alternative residence. The state administrated maintenance support is only available in cases of severe conflicts between the parents. Otherwise, child maintenance is negotiated by the parents, and to a large part up to the parents’ discretion. Such arrangements work well in the majority of cases but when there is a parental conflict the recent legal development makes the situation precarious. This chapter maps out policies and regulations concerning parental separation in Sweden with a focus on the legal regulations of child maintenance. The precariousness for children and parents in instances of noncooperation will be discussed and how the present policy responds to such situations.