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Prompt periodicity in the GRB 211211A precursor: black-hole or magnetar engine? 
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Number of Authors: 212025 (English)In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 540, no 3, p. 2727-2744Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The merger origin long GRB 211211A was a class (re-)defining event. A precursor was identified with a  ~1s separation from the main burst, as well as a claimed candidate quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) with a frequency ~20 Hz. Here, we explore the implications of the precursor, assuming the quasi-periodicity is real. The precursor variability time-scale requires relativistic motion with a Lorentz factor ⁠, and implies an engine-driven jetted outflow. The declining amplitude of the consecutive pulses requires an episodic engine with an ‘on/off’ cycle consistent with the QPO. For a black-hole central engine, the QPO can have its origin in Lense–Thirring precession of the inner disc at ~6−9 rg (gravitational radii) for a mass  , and   for and dimensionless spin ⁠. Alternatively, at a disc density of ~108−12 g cm−3⁠, the required magnetic field strength for a QPO via magnetohydrodynamic effects will be of the order of B ~ 1012−14 G. If the central engine is a short-lived magnetar or hypermassive neutron star, then a low-frequency QPO can be produced via instabilities within the disc at a radius of  ~ 20–70 km, for a disc density ∼ 109−12 g cm−3 and magnetic field  G. The QPO cannot be coupled to the neutron star spin, as the co-rotation radius is beyond the scale of the disc. Neither engine can be ruled out – however, we favour an origin for the precursor candidate QPO as early jet–disc coupling for a neutron star–black hole merger remnant with mass ⁠.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 540, no 3, p. 2727-2744
Keywords [en]
gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 211211A, stars: black holes, stars: magnetars
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-245841DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staf892ISI: 001506992600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105009000377OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-245841DiVA, id: diva2:1992289
Available from: 2025-08-27 Created: 2025-08-27 Last updated: 2025-08-27Bibliographically approved

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Rosswog, StephanSarin, Nikhil

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The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC)Department of PhysicsNordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita)
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Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

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