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The Long-Lasting Stress Scale (LLSS): Psychometric evaluation of a brief stress scale in the SLOSH cohort study
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute. University College London, UK.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6016-8943
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8433-2405
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2908-1903
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8806-5698
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Number of Authors: 52025 (English)In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, ISSN 0143-831X, E-ISSN 1461-7099, Vol. 46, no 3, p. 766-785Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Long-lasting, excessive stress exposure can have serious health consequences and consequently, to identify potentially harmful consequences, it is important to develop self-report measures of long-lasting stress in everyday life. The complexity of long-lasting excessive stress also raises questions about the efficacy of widely used single-item measures to capture such harmful stress. This study examines the psychometric quality and validity of a brief eight-item scale, measuring long-lasting stress symptoms. Using data from a nationally representative sample, comprising 15,046 working individuals from the 2014 Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), the findings suggest retaining six of the original eight items, loading on two latent factors: ‘long-lasting perceived stress’ and ‘long-lasting emotional stress’. The high correlation between the two factors suggests the potential for a unified measure to address specific research objectives. The subscales demonstrate concurrent validity with well-established stress-related measures. A single-item measure of perceived stress (‘I have days when I feel stressed all the time’) also correlated with the stress-related measures, although the correlation coefficients were slightly weaker.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 46, no 3, p. 766-785
Keywords [en]
health, psychometric, sleep, stress scale, work
National Category
Applied Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-246718DOI: 10.1177/0143831X251350449ISI: 001523936800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013297895OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-246718DiVA, id: diva2:1997011
Available from: 2025-09-11 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved

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Chungkham, Holendro SinghLeineweber, ConstanzeMagnusson Hanson, LindaWesterlund, HugoKecklund, Göran

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