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No Massless Goldstone Bosons in Hamiltonian Time Crystals
Stockholm University, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita). University of Science and Technology of China, China.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3408-5834
Number of Authors: 12025 (English)In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 135, no 23, article id 230201Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a geometric framework for Hamiltonian quantum time crystals, emphasizing the pivotal role of continuous symmetries and their associated conserved charges. In this approach, a time crystal is identified as a minimum-energy ground state that is parallel transported along a family of Fock spaces, with time evolution realized as a symmetry transformation. This parallel transport is implemented via a generalized, time-dependent Bogoliubov transformation, ensuring coherence across the Fock spaces. Revisiting Goldstone’s original analysis, we show that in the presence of a time crystal, the Goldstone mode acquires a mass and its direction oscillates periodically in Higgs space. Our formulation circumvents existing no-go theorems that would otherwise forbid quantum time-crystalline order. We place time crystals within the broader context of quantum many-body physics and field theory, drawing analogies to superconductivity and quantum field theory in time-dependent backgrounds.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 135, no 23, article id 230201
National Category
Statistical physics and complex systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-250580DOI: 10.1103/sytq-kjbrISI: 001633835500004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105023710414OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-250580DiVA, id: diva2:2023512
Available from: 2025-12-19 Created: 2025-12-19 Last updated: 2025-12-19Bibliographically approved

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Niemi, Antti J.

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