Navigating complex indoor spaces is one of the challenges for individuals with blindness or visual impairments. Smartphone-based solutions offer a promising approach to addressing these challenges due to their affordability, availability, adaptability, and acceptability. This study systematically reviewed the literature on smartphone-based indoor navigation systems for blind and visually impaired individuals, focusing on technologies, techniques, and evaluation methods. Our review highlights that computer vision is an evolving technology in this domain, with Radio Frequency Identification and Internet of Things technologies serving as valuable complements. The findings underscore the potential of smartphones to enhance accessibility and inclusion, while also emphasizing the importance of a user-centered design approach in development efforts. By identifying trends and gaps, this study provides valuable insights for advancing smartphone-based assistive technologies for indoor navigation.