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Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in (Formula presented) Collisions with the ATLAS Detector
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9518-0435
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3122-3605
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2626-2247
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Number of Authors: 29242026 (English)In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 136, no 3, article id 032301Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Anisotropic flow and radial flow are two key probes of the expansion dynamics and properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). While anisotropic flow has been extensively studied, radial flow, which governs the system’s radial expansion, has received less attention. Notably, direct experimental evidence for the global and collective nature of radial flow fluctuations has been lacking. This Letter presents the first measurement of transverse momentum (𝑝T) dependence of radial flow fluctuations (𝑣0⁡(𝑝T)) over 0.5 <𝑝T <10  GeV and demonstrates its collective nature using a two-particle correlation method in Pb+Pb collisions at √𝑠NN=5.02  TeV. The data reveal three key features supporting the collective nature of radial flow: long-range correlation in pseudorapidity, factorization in 𝑝T, and centrality-independent shape in 𝑝T. The comparison with a hydrodynamic model demonstrates the sensitivity of 𝑣0⁡(𝑝T) to bulk viscosity, a crucial transport property of the QGP. These findings establish a new, powerful tool for probing collective dynamics and properties of the QGP.

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2026. Vol. 136, no 3, article id 032301
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Subatomic Physics
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URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-252338DOI: 10.1103/ldcn-r2lqScopus ID: 2-s2.0-105028643915OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-252338DiVA, id: diva2:2037613
Available from: 2026-02-11 Created: 2026-02-11 Last updated: 2026-02-11Bibliographically approved

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Brunner, DavidClément, ChristopheDunne, KatherineHellman, StenIngebretsen Carlson, TomKim, DongwonLou, XuanhongMilstead, David A.Montella, AlessandroRichter, StefanRiefel, Ellen MariaSilverstein, Samuel B.Sjölin, JörgenStrandberg, SaraStrübig, AntoniaValdés Santurio, Eduardo

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Brunner, DavidClément, ChristopheDunne, KatherineHellman, StenIngebretsen Carlson, TomKim, DongwonLou, XuanhongMilstead, David A.Montella, AlessandroRichter, StefanRiefel, Ellen MariaSilverstein, Samuel B.Sjölin, JörgenStrandberg, SaraStrübig, AntoniaValdés Santurio, Eduardo
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Department of PhysicsThe Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC)
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