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Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium: XII. SN 2024acyl: A fast, linearly declining Type Ibn supernova with early flash-ionisation features
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3664-8082
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1546-6615
Number of Authors: 662026 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 707, article id A157Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the Type Ibn supernova (SN) 2024acyl. It rises to an absolute magnitude peak of Mo = −17.58 ± 0.15 mag in 10.6 days, and displays a rapid linear post-peak light-curve decline in all bands (e.g. γ0 − 60(V) = 0.097 ± 0.002 mag day−1), similar to most SNe Ibn. The optical pseudobolometric light curve peaks at (3.5 ± 0.8)×1042 erg s−1, with a total radiated energy of (5.0 ± 0.4)×1048 erg. The spectra are dominated by a blue continuum at early stages, with narrow P-Cygni He I lines and flash-ionisation emission lines of C III, N III, and He II. The P-Cygni He I features gradually evolve and become emission-dominated in late-time spectra. The Hα line is detected throughout the entire spectral evolution, which indicates that the circumstellar material (CSM) is helium-rich with some residual amount of hydrogen. Our multi-band light-curve modelling yields estimates of the ejecta mass of Mej = 0.49+0.11−0.09 M with a kinetic energy of Ek = 0.06+0.01−0.01 × 1051 erg, and a 56Ni mass of MNi = 0.018 M. The inferred CSM properties are characterised by a mass of MCSM = 0.51+0.05−0.04 M, an inner radius of R0=17.8+3.6−3.0 AU, and a density of ρCSM = (8.3+2.7−1.2) × 10−12 g cn−3. The multi-epoch spectra are well reproduced by the CMFGEN/ he4p0 model, corresponding to a He-ZAMS mass of 4 M (H-ZAMS mass 18.11 M, pre-SN mass 3.16 M). These findings are consistent with a scenario of an SN powered by ejecta-CSM interaction originating from a low-mass helium star that evolved within an interacting binary system where the CSM with some residual hydrogen may originate from the mass-transfer process. We also discuss an extreme scenario involving the possible merger of a helium white dwarf. In addition, a channel of core-collapse explosion of a late-type Wolf-Rayet (WR) star with hydrogen, or a transitional star between an Of and a WR type (e.g. an Ofpe/WN9 star) with fallback accretion cannot be entirely ruled out.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. Vol. 707, article id A157
Keywords [en]
Circumstellar matter, Supernovae: general, Supernovae: individual: SN 2024acyl
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-253897DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558014ISI: 001705367900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105032527180OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-253897DiVA, id: diva2:2050161
Available from: 2026-04-01 Created: 2026-04-01 Last updated: 2026-04-01Bibliographically approved

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Lundqvist, PeterSollerman, Jesper

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