Fast-growing broadleaf (FGB) stands are planted in Northern Europe due to their high biomass production and as part of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Yet, the effects on biodiversity of this intensive forest management that involves short-rotations, and sometimes the use of non-native tree species, are still uncertain. Given the limited number of studies investigating the biodiversity of FGB stands in Sweden, we assessed and compared the biodiversity of three FGB tree species and evaluated how tree species, tree traits, stand variables, and landscape features were associated with lichen diversity patterns. To do that, we studied epiphytic lichens in 48 stands of native birch (Betula pendula), and non-native hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) and poplar (Populus trichocarpa hybrids) across southern Sweden. Lichen species richness was the highest in birch stands at both the tree and stand level. For all the stands surveyed, poplar and birch had the same total number of lichen taxa (71 taxa), while hybrid aspen hosted fewer lichen taxa (58 taxa). The lichen species composition of the three tree species differed from each other, although lichen communities on hybrid aspen and poplar lichen communities were more similar to each other than to birch. We found lichen species of conservation interest on all tree species, whereas red-listed species only occurred on hybrid aspen and poplar. Older trees, deeper bark crenulation, and higher understory light levels generally increased lichen species richness, whereas the surrounding landscape vegetation cover also influenced species composition. Our results indicate that using a mix of fast-growing broadleaf tree species, rather than planting only one of them within the landscape, making allowances for older trees, and managing light and landscape context improves the diversity of lichens supported within FGB stands.