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Group Differences in Income Distributions, Poverty Gaps, and Poverty Buffers: Inequalities between the Children of Swedish-Born and Migrant Parents
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology. Linköping University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3748-6270
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology. University of Trento, Italy.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8382-2290
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6138-0463
2026 (English)In: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, ISSN 2378-0231, Vol. 12Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Conventional approaches define income poverty as a binary status, implying that being poor or nonpoor is equivalent across groups. The authors propose a novel visualization that moves beyond head count rates to display group-specific income distributions relative to the poverty threshold, simultaneously illustrating poverty prevalence, poverty gaps, and what the authors term poverty buffers: the distance above the threshold capturing income security. The authors apply this approach to all children aged 0 to 18 years in Sweden in 2022, by mother’s country of birth. The visualization reveals three patterns obscured by standard indicators. First, head count poverty rates vary dramatically, from 8 percent to 77 percent across groups. Second, average poverty gaps are surprisingly similar despite vast differences in prevalence, reflecting stark stratification by parental migration background. Third, poverty buffers reveal cumulative advantage: lower poverty rates coincide with substantially greater income security. By rendering gaps, buffers, and full distributions in a single figure, this visualization exposes dimensions of inequality that no single poverty measure captures alone.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. Vol. 12
Keywords [en]
poverty, immigrants, income distribution, inequality, children
National Category
Demography
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-256526DOI: 10.1177/23780231261450748ISI: 001781093900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105040814944OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-256526DiVA, id: diva2:2068259
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2023-00053Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2024-01613Swedish Research Council, 2020-01285Swedish Research Council, 2023-06035Swedish Research Council, 2025-01645Available from: 2026-06-09 Created: 2026-06-09 Last updated: 2026-06-18Bibliographically approved

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Aradhya, SiddarthaGrotti, RaffaeleNieuwenhuis, Rense

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