Central Asia is a region with high-altitude mountains, hosting numerous glaciers and widespread seasonal snow cover, both of which play an integral role in the regional hydrological cycle. Despite their importance, observations of cryospheric and atmospheric variables are scarce in this area but are essential to assess the temporal and spatial changes induced by climate change. To address this gap, we present a diverse data set of cryospheric and atmospheric variables from the Zarafshon River Basin and the Hydrographic Party Glacier (GGP) in Tajikistan, spanning 2018–2025. The dataset includes glacier terminus positions and snow conditions, glacier ablation, high resolution aerial photography, meteorological variables, surface reflectance combined with snow chemistry, and atmospheric aerosol concentrations. These observations provide a valuable basis for research on glacier dynamics, snow processes, and atmosphere-cryosphere interactions in a region where monitoring has been sparse. The data are available at the Finnish Meteorological Institute data repository METIS: https://doi.org/10.57707/fmi-b2share.t4vwg-gf542 (Svensson et al., 2026).