The origination of this project lies with Dr Gunilla Höjlund, who since the beginning of the 1990s has been involved in different cooperative projects between researchers in Tanzania and Sweden. Thanks to her experiences and connections to different researchers at the University of Dodoma (UDOM), and her interest in school development, the Tanzanian-Swedish research team was brought together. The Swedish team, from Stockholm University (SU), and especially Professor Ingrid Carlgren, have since the beginning of 2000 worked with the models of Lesson and Learning Studies (LLS) and Professor Kalafunja Osaki who has experience of Lesson Study as part of his collaboration with researchers in Japan. Further, the Swedish government has along tradition of funding collaboration with researches in Tanzania. Professor Osaki and I made an application to the Swedish research program, Research Links, run by the Swedish Council for Research on behalf of the Swedish Authority for Development Cooperation. The application was approved in November 2012. The founding we got covered expenses for travels and meetings to be used over the period 2013 to 2015. The idea for the proposed project was to use Lesson and/or Learning Study as a model for research based school development. Or more precisely, as models to enhance teaching -learning in relation to different subjects. The project was centred on local cases in four different subject areas in the respective countries. In Tanzania the four cases were conducted within the established cooperation between UDOM and single municipality primary schools, and in Sweden within the established cooperation between the SU and schools in the municipalities in the Stockholm area.