Given a symmetric polynomial P in 2n variables, there exists a unique symmetric polynomial Q in n variables such that P(x(1), ..., x(n), x(1)(-1), ..., x(n)(-1)) = Q(x(1) + x(1)(-1), ..., x(n) + x(n)(-1)). We denote this polynomial Q by Phi(n)(P) and show that Phi(n) is an epimorphism of algebras. We compute Phi(n)(P) for several families of symmetric polynomials P: symplectic and orthogonal Schur polynomials, elementary symmetric polynomials, complete homogeneous polynomials, and power sums. Some of these formulas were already found by Elouafi (2014) and Lachaud (2016). The polynomials of the form Phi(n)(s(lambda/mu)((2n))), where s(lambda/mu)((2n)) is a skew Schur polynomial in 2n variables, arise naturally in the study of the minors of symmetric banded Toeplitz matrices, when the generating symbol is a palindromic Laurent polynomial, and its roots can be written as x(1), ..., x(n), x(1)(-1), ..., x(n)(-1). Trench (1987) and Elouafi (2014) found efficient formulas for the determinants of symmetric banded Toeplitz matrices. We show that these formulas are equivalent to the result of Ciucu and Krattenthaler (2009) about the factorization of the characters of classical groups.