The European X-Ray Free Electron Laser generates X-ray pulsesas GeV electrons progress in the beam pipe through periodic arrangements of magnets called undulators. An undesired scattered radiation (stray radiation) is also present outside the beam pipe. It may damage not only undulator magnets, but also diagnostic and correction equipment located near undulators. It results in decreased performance of the EuXFEL. As the severity of magnet damage differs for different particles and energies, it is of great importance to properly characterize the stray radiation field in the vicinity of the undulators. In this thesis, results of Gafchromic film dose measurements near EuXFEL undulators are presented. Films were placed at the entrance of the undulator segments, along the undulator permanent magnets and at the front of phase shifters located in the intersections separating two undulator segments. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations of absorbed dose and fluence were performed with Geant4 toolkit to characterize the composition and energy spectra of the radiation field near undulators. Comparison of film measurements and simulations show that theradiation field near the upstream undulator cells may be a result of high-energy electrons interactions with the beam pipe. Almost 99 % of the dose absorbed to the permanent magnets comes from electrons and positrons created through photon interactions with matter. However, the majority of particles are photons. In addition,simulations show that neutrons are also presented within the magnets. Significant doses were measured further away from thepermanent magnets, close to phase shifters installed in the intersections.

The European X-Ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) is a free-electron laser that generates coherent X-ray pulses with energies between 0.26 and 25 keV. Radiation is generated as electrons with energies up to 17.5 GeV are subjected to the periodic magnetic field while traveling through long arrangements of permanent magnets called undulators. Measurements show that stray radiation is present outside the beam pipe in the EuXFEL undulator systems. It can potentially damage permanent magnets and diagnostic and correction equipment located along the beam pipe. This thesis gives an overview of the stray radiation at EuXFEL undulator systems. Besides Radfet dosimeters and gamma and neutron monitors installed near the undulators, additional detectors were used within the scope of this work. Gafchromic films placed in different undulator cells give information on the spatial distribution of the absorbed dose near permanent magnets and other components. The photon energy distribution near the beam pipe was measured with two gamma-ray CZT spectrometers. Measurements are supported by Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations of electron interactions with the beam pipe wall.

Measurements and simulations show that radiation is distributed non-uniformly along individual undulator segments and the whole undulator system. It means that some of the permanent magnets are exposed to higher doses. It can lead to non-uniform magnetic field degradation and issues with phase matching between electron and photon fields. The presented results indicate that the origin of stray radiation differs in the upstream and downstream parts of the undulator system. In the upstream undulator part, it is created as a result of electron interactions with the beam pipe. In the downstream undulator part, it is dominated by low-energy synchrotron radiation. Geant4 simulations show that neutrons with energies exceeding 1 MeV are created as a result of high-energy electrons interacting with the beam pipe. They can cause permanent damage to the undulator permanent magnets. Radfet and spectrometer measurements show that the intensity of the stray radiation depends on the charge passing through the undulators, the electron energy and the undulator gap. Careful choice of these parameters can reduce the stray radiation level in the undulator systems.