The article Chaitanya Birthplace Controversy examines the historical, cultural, and religious significance of the dispute between two competing locations—Nabadwip and Mayapur—as the birthplace of the revered Bengali saint Kṛṣṇa Caitanya (1486–1534), the central figure of the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. The study traces the rise of Nabadwip as a religious and educational center from the 15th century onward, and its gradual decline as colonial and political influences reshaped the region. The controversy intensified in 1894 when Bhaktivinoda Thakur, a key reformer of the Vaishnava movement, identified Mayapur as the true birthplace of Caitanya. His son, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, solidified this claim through the establishment of religious institutions and pilgrimages. The article explores the religious, sociological, and economic implications of this dispute, focusing on the role of sacred geography, institutional rivalry, and the transformation of both locations into major pilgrimage sites. The article concludes by analyzing the ongoing tensions between the communities of Nabadwip and Mayapur and their respective claims to Caitanya's legacy.