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Insertion of the FeB cofactor in cNORs lacking metal inserting chaperones
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0853-6785
Number of Authors: 22025 (English)In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 599, no 9, p. 1269-1284Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cytochrome c-dependent nitric oxide reductase (cNOR) catalyzes the reduction of NO into nitrous oxide (N2O), a strong greenhouse gas released from denitrifying microorganisms. The cNOR active site holds an essential non-heme iron, FeB, inserted using the chaperone complex NorQD. However, in Thermus thermophilus, the cNOR (TtcNOR) cluster lacks the norQD genes. Here we investigated FeB insertion into TtcNOR and characterized and compared TtcNOR expressed in Escherichia coli to that natively produced. We show that FeB is present in the natively produced TtcNOR only. Analysis of cNOR operon sequences suggests that a hydrophilic K-pathway analogue is present in cNORs that do not rely on NorQD for iron insertion. We discuss the implications of our data for the evolution of the NOR family.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 599, no 9, p. 1269-1284
Keywords [en]
evolution, iron, K-pathway, nitric oxide reductase, norQ, Thermus thermophilus
National Category
Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-240108DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70007ISI: 001419071600001PubMedID: 39927524Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85217372589OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-240108DiVA, id: diva2:1942671
Available from: 2025-03-06 Created: 2025-03-06 Last updated: 2025-09-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. How to insert an iron: Non-heme iron insertion into nitric oxide reductase
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How to insert an iron: Non-heme iron insertion into nitric oxide reductase
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The enzyme cytochrome c-dependent nitric oxide reductase (cNOR) catalyzes the reduction of nitric oxide into nitrous oxide during microbial denitrification. The binuclear active site of cNOR consists of two iron ions: one heme b3 iron and one non-heme iron (FeB). Interestingly, the FeB cofactor requires the metallochaperones NorQ, a AAA+ ATPase, and NorD, a VWA domain protein, for proper insertion. In this thesis, I have characterized NorQ and NorD biochemically and structurally, to reveal that NorQ forms a hexameric ring, binding one copy of NorD in its central pore and that interaction with the cNOR target occurs between NorD and the cytoplasmic surface of cNOR. NorQ is a molecular motor, fueled by ATP hydrolysis and causes conformational changes in NorD. The movements in NorD are further translated into conformational changes in cNOR, enabling iron insertion. In addition, I have identified cNORs that are independent of metallochaperones and compared them to those that are chaperone dependent. The comparison shows that cNORs without chaperones have a water-filled pathway leading from the cytoplasm to the active site, plugged by hydrophobic residues in cNORs with chaperones. This indicates that cNORs without chaperones might be electrogenic and has implications for the evolution of the NOR family. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 2025. p. 87
Keywords
AAA+ ATPase, VWA domain, cNOR, metallochaperones, chaperones, non-heme iron, heme-copper oxidases, iron insertion, cofactor, MoxR, NorQ, NorD, metal insertion, K-pathway, water channel, evolution
National Category
Biochemistry
Research subject
Biochemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-241180 (URN)978-91-8107-176-4 (ISBN)978-91-8107-177-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-09, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16B, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-04124
Available from: 2025-04-14 Created: 2025-03-24 Last updated: 2025-04-03Bibliographically approved

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Appelgren, SofiaÄdelroth, Pia

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