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  • 1. Ade, Florian
    et al.
    Freier, Ronny
    Odendahl, Christian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Incumbency effects in government and opposition: Evidence from Germany2014In: European Journal of Political Economy, ISSN 0176-2680, E-ISSN 1873-5703, Vol. 36, p. 117-134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Do district incumbents in an election have an advantage, and if so, do these advantages depend on which party is in government? We estimate the incumbency effect for the direct district candidates in German federal and state elections using a regression discontinuity design (RDD). When studying the heterogeneity in these effects, we find that incumbents from both large parties, the center-right CDU and the center-left SPD, have an advantage only if the SPD is in government. This effect is robust and shows even in state elections that are unrelated to federal elections.

  • 2. Adermon, Adrian
    et al.
    Lindahl, Mikael
    Palme, Mårten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Dynastic Human Capital, Inequality, and Intergenerational Mobility2021In: The American Economic Review, ISSN 0002-8282, E-ISSN 1944-7981, Vol. 111, no 5, p. 1523-1548Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We estimate long-run intergenerational persistence in human capital using information on outcomes for the extended family: the dynasty. A dataset including the entire Swedish population, linking four generations, allows us to identify parents' siblings and cousins, their spouses, and spouses' siblings. Using various human capital measures, we show that traditional parent-child estimates underestimate long-run intergenerational persistence by at least one-third. By adding outcomes for more distant ancestors, we show that almost all of the persistence is captured by the parental generation. Data on adoptees show that at least one-third of -long-term persistence is attributed to environmental factors.

  • 3.
    Agell, Jonas
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Bennmarker, Helge
    Wage incentives and wage rigidity: A representative view from within2007In: Labour Economics, ISSN 0927-5371, E-ISSN 1879-1034, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 347-369Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recent literature has used surveys of those who set wages to learn about the nature of wage incentives and the sources of wage rigidity. Methodologically, we overcome many of the objections that have been raised against this work. Substantively, we find that: (i) the reasons for real wage rigidity differ significantly between large and small firms, and between the high- and low-end of the labor market; (ii) efficiency wage mechanisms reinforce rigidities due to worker bargaining power; (iii) money illusion is a widespread phenomenon across all segments of the labor market; (iv) unions reinforce nominal wage rigidities due to external pay comparisons; (v) there appears to be gender differences in pay bargaining and work morale.

  • 4. Aggeborn, Linuz
    et al.
    Andersson, Henrik
    Håfström Dehdari, Sirus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Lindgren, Karl-Oskar
    Granting Immigrants the Right to Vote in National Elections: Empirical Evidence from Swedish Administrative Data2024In: British Journal of Political Science, ISSN 0007-1234, E-ISSN 1469-2112, Vol. 54, no 3, p. 712-729Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Faced with rising levels of cross-border migration, many countries have extended local voting rights to non-citizen residents. However, empirical evidence indicates that voter turnout among non-naturalized immigrants is lower when compared to citizens. This raises the question of how to explain this difference. A common answer is that the low turnout rates of non-citizen residents are primarily due to the socio-economic composition of this group and the challenges involved in adapting to a new political system. An alternative but less discussed possibility is that the low turnout concerns the nature of the elections. Hence, we examine whether the turnout of non-citizens is hampered because they are only allowed to partake in local elections. Based on a regression discontinuity design (RDD) using Swedish administrative data, we find that turnout could increase by 10-20 percentage points if the voting rights of non-citizens were extended to the national level.

  • 5. Aguiar-Conraria, Luis
    et al.
    Brinca, Pedro
    Gudjonsson, Haukur Vidar
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Soares, Maria Joana
    Business cycle synchronization across US states2017In: The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, ISSN 2194-6116, E-ISSN 1935-1690, Vol. 17, no 1, article id 20150158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use wavelet analysis to conclude that individual U.S. states' business cycles are very well synchronized. We also find evidence of a strong and significant correlation between business cycle dissimilitudes and the distance between each pair of states, consistent to gravity type mechanisms where distance affects trade. Trade, in turn, increases business cycle synchronization, while a higher degree of industry specialization is associated with a higher dissimilitude of the state cycle with the aggregate economy. Finally, there is evidence that business cycle dissimilitudes have been decreasing with time, consistent with the previous findings coupled with the idea that information and communications technology make distances smaller.

  • 6. Ahlin, Christian
    et al.
    Gulesci, Selim
    Madestam, Andreas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Stryjan, Miri
    Loan contract structure and adverse selection: Survey evidence from Uganda2020In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ISSN 0167-2681, E-ISSN 1879-1751, Vol. 172, p. 180-195Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While adverse selection is an important theoretical explanation for credit rationing it is difficult to quantify empirically. Many studies measure the elasticity of credit demand of existing or previous borrowers as opposed to the population at large; other studies use cross-sectional approaches that may confound borrower risk with other factors. We circumvent both issues by surveying a representative sample of microenterprises in urban Uganda and by measuring their responses to multiple hypothetical contract offers, varying in interest rates and collateral requirements. The two seminal theories on selection provide contradicting predictions following a change in the contractual terms. Under adverse selection, a lower interest rate or a lower collateral obligation should increase take up among less risky borrowers. By contrast, advantageous selection implies that take up should increase among the riskier borrowers. We test these two predictions by examining if firm owners respond to changes in the interest rate or the collateral requirement and whether higher take up varies by firms' risk type. We find support for the presence of adverse selection as contracts with lower interest rates or lower collateral obligations increase hypothetical demand - especially for less risky firms. Our results imply that changes to the standard loan product available to microenterprises may have substantial effects on credit demand.

  • 7. Ahlsson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Kaijser, Magnus
    Adami, Johanna
    Lundgren, Maria
    Palme, Mårten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    School Performance After Preterm Birth2015In: Epidemiology, ISSN 1044-3983, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 106-111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An increased risk of poor school performance for children born preterm has been shown in many studies, but whether this increase is attributable to preterm birth per se or to other factors associated with preterm birth has not been resolved. Methods: We used data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Longitudinal Integration Database for Sickness Insurance and Labor Market Study, the Swedish Multigeneration Register, and the National School Register to link records comprising the Swedish birth cohorts from 1974 through 1991. Linear regression was used to assess the association between gestational duration and school performance, both with and without controlling for parental and socioeconomic factors. In a restricted analysis, we compared siblings only with each other. Results: Preterm birth was strongly and negatively correlated with school performance. The distribution of school grades for children born at 31-33 weeks was on average 3.85 (95% confidence interval = -4.36 to -3.35) centiles lower than for children born at 40 weeks. For births at 22-24 weeks, the corresponding figure was -23.15 (-30.32 to -15.97). When taking confounders into account, the association remained. When restricting the analysis to siblings, however, the association between school performance and preterm birth after week 30 vanished completely, whereas it remained, less pronounced, for preterm birth before 30 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between school performance and preterm birth after 30 gestational weeks is attributable to factors other than preterm birth per se.

  • 8. Ahmed, Sayem
    et al.
    Hasan, Md. Zahid
    Laokri, Samia
    Jannat, Zerin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Ahmed, Mohammad Wahid
    Dorin, Farzana
    Vargas, Veronica
    Khan, Jahangir A. M.
    Technical efficiency of public district hospitals in Bangladesh: a data envelopment analysis2019In: Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, E-ISSN 1478-7547, Vol. 17, article id 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: District hospitals (DHs) provide secondary level of healthcare to a wide range of population in Bangladesh. Efficient utilization of resources in these secondary hospitals is essential for delivering health services at a lower cost. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the technical efficiency of the DHs in Bangladesh. Methods: We used input-oriented data envelopment analysis method to estimate the variable returns to scale (VRS) and constant returns to scale (CRS) technical efficiency of the DHs using data from Local Health Bulletin, 2015. In this model, we considered workforce as well as number of inpatient beds as input variables and number of inpatient, outpatient, and maternal services provided by the DHs as output variables. A Tobit regression model was applied for assessing the association of institutional and environmental characteristics with the technical efficiency scores. Results: The average scale, VRS, and CRS technical efficiency of the DHs were estimated to 85%, 92%, and 79% respectively. Population size, poverty headcount, bed occupancy ratio, administrative divisions were significantly associated with the technical efficiency of the DHs. The mean VRS and CRS technical efficiency demonstrated that the DHs, on an average, could reduce their input mix by 8% and 21% respectively while maintaining the same level of output. Conclusion: Since the average technical efficiency of the DHs was 79%, there is little scope for overall improvements in these facilities by adjusting inputs. Therefore, we recommend to invest further in the DHs for improvement of services. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) should improve the efficiency in resource allocation by setting an input-mix formula for DHs considering health and socio-economic indicators (e.g., population density, poverty, bed occupancy ratio). The formula can be designed by learning from the input mix in the more efficient DHs. The MoHFW should conduct this kind of benchmarking study regularly to assess the efficiency level of health facilities which may contribute to reduce the wastage of resources and consequently to provide more affordable and accessible public hospital care.

  • 9.
    Ahrlind, Kevin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Olsson, Dennis
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Sveriges flygskatt: En empirisk studie av den svenska flygskattens effekt påantalet resenärer2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the impact of the flight departure tax introduced in Sweden 1st of April 2018. The study focuses on how the departure tax has affected the numbersof flight passengers with domestic and international destinations. The analysis covers the time the period 2010-2019. A Difference-in-Difference approach and a dynamic Difference-in-Difference approach was used in this study. The results indicate that theflight tax reduced the numbers of passengers traveling both domestically and internationally in short term. Furthermore the estimations show that the tax had its largest effectduring the second year compared to the first year when the tax was introduced. However the effect seems to reduce in the last quartile of 2019 prominently among domestic travelers. The study suggests that further reaserch should be done in the field with moredetailed data of how the different tax rates in the swedish depature tax affected thenumbers of passengers covered by those tax rates. Subsequently a further research on how the tax affected the cross price elasticity between passengers traveling by train andairplane is suggested.

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  • 10.
    Ahrsjö, ulah0325
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Niknami, Susan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Palme, Mårten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Identity in Court Decision-Making*2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decisionmaking.Our data contain information about demographic and socioeconomic indicatorsfor randomly assigned jurors and defendants in a Swedish court. Our results showthat defendants are 15 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if they and the jurorsbelong to the same identity-forming groups. Socioeconomic background and demographicattributes are at least as important, and combining several identities producesstronger e ects.

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    fulltext
  • 11.
    Ahrsjö, Ulrika
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Essays on Economic Disadvantage: Criminal Justice, Gender and Social Mobility2022Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Youth Crime, Community Service and Labor Market Outcomes

    Can lifetime trajectories of youth offenders be improved through criminal justice policy? I evaluate the effects of a youth justice reform in Sweden that sharply increased the share of juveniles assigned to court-ordered community service --- i.e. unpaid, low-skilled work. On average, the reform did not affect post-conviction recidivism or labor market outcomes, but these average effects mask considerable heterogeneity depending on the most likely alternative sanction. In particular, post-reform recidivism and incarceration rates are lower for individuals for whom community service replaces fines. Applying a machine learning method for causal inference, I then evaluate the net financial effect of the policy conditional on observable characteristics and analyze how the program could be targeted for improved efficiency. The results suggest that community service can benefit youth offenders, but that it is not suitable as a universal program.

    Intergenerational Mobility Trends and the Changing Role of Female Labor

    We present new evidence on the existence and drivers of trends in intergenerational income mobility using administrative income data from Scandinavia along with survey data from the United States. Harmonizing the data from Sweden, Denmark and Norway, we first find that intergenerational rank associations in income have increased uniformly across Scandinavia for cohorts of children born between 1951 and 1979. Splitting the trends by gender, we find that father-son mobility has been stable in all three countries, while correlations involving females display substantial trends. Similar patterns are confirmed in the US data, albeit with slightly different timing. Utilizing information about individual occupation, education and income in the Scandinavian data, we find that intergenerational mobility in latent economic status has remained relatively constant for all gender combinations. This is found to be driven by increased female labor market participation at the intensive as well as the extensive margin. The observed decline in intergenerational mobility in Scandinavia is thus consistent with a socially desirable development where female skills are increasingly valued in the labor market.

    Wage Inequality, Selection and the Evolution of the Gender Earnings Gap in Sweden 

    We estimate the change in the gender wage gap between 1968 and 2019 in Sweden accounting for (1) changes in the intensive margin of labor supply; (2) changes in the overall wage inequality; (3) changes in selection into the labor market using parametric and non-parametric selection corrections. Our results show that between 1968 and 1991, about half of the changes in the gender wage gap can be attributed to changes in the overall wage distribution. Conversely, changes in the wage distribution from 1991 to 2019 mask a larger closure of the gender wage gap. Our corrections for selection into the labor force suggest that uncorrected estimates miss about half of the around 20 percentage points decrease in the gender wage gap over the 1968-2019 period.

    Identity in Court Decision-Making

    We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decision-making. Our data set contains information about gender, ethnic background, age and socioeconomic indicators for randomly assigned jurors and defendants in a Swedish district court. Our results show that defendants are significantly less likely to get a prison sentence if they and the jurors belong to the same identity-forming group. For example, a defendant is 15 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if he or she has the same level of education as all three jurors compared to if none of them have the same educational attainments.

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    Essays on Economic Disadvantage
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  • 12.
    Akin, Serdar
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Do Riksbanken produce unbiased forecast of the inflation rate?: and can it be improved?2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this paper is to evaluate if forecast produced by the Central Bank of Sweden (Riksbanken) for the 12 month change in the consumer price index is unbiased? Results shows that for shorter horizons (h < 12) the mean forecast error is unbiased but for longer horizons its negatively biased when inference is done by Maximum entropy bootstrap technique. Can the unbiasedness be improved by strict ap- pliance to econometric methodology? Forecasting with a linear univariate model (seasonal ARIMA) and a multivariate model Vector Error Correction model (VECM) shows that when controlling for the presence of structural breaks VECM outperforms both prediction produced Riksbanken and ARIMA. However Riksbanken had the best precision in their forecast, estimated as MSFE

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  • 13. Albrecht, James
    et al.
    Bronson, Mary Ann
    Skogman Thoursie, Peter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Vroman, Susan
    The career dynamics of high-skilled women and men: Evidence from Sweden2018In: European Economic Review, ISSN 0014-2921, E-ISSN 1873-572X, Vol. 105, p. 83-102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we use matched worker-firm register data from Sweden to examine the career dynamics of high-skill women and men. Specifically, we track wages for up to 20 years among women and men born in the years 1960-70 who completed a university degree in business or economics. These women and men have similar wages and earnings at the start of their careers, but their career paths diverge substantially as they age. These men and women also have substantial differences in wage paths associated with becoming a parent. We look at whether firm effects account for the differences we observe between women's and men's wage profiles. We document differences between the firms where men work and those where women work. However, a wage decomposition suggests that these differences in firm characteristics play only a small role in explaining the gender log wage gap among these workers. We then examine whether gender differences in firm-to-firm mobility help explain the patterns in wages that we see. Men and women both exhibit greater mobility early in their careers, but there is little gender difference in this firmto-firm mobility. We find that the main driver of the gender difference in log wage profiles is that men experience higher wage gains than women do both as switchers and as stayers.

  • 14. Albrecht, James
    et al.
    Skogman Thoursie, Peter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Vroman, Susan
    Parental Leave and the Glass Ceiling in Sweden2015In: Research in Labor Economics, ISSN 0147-9121, Vol. 41, p. 89-115Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15. Albrecht, Konstanze
    et al.
    von Essen, Emma
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Parys, Juliane
    Szech, Nora
    Updating, self-confidence, and discrimination2013In: European Economic Review, ISSN 0014-2921, E-ISSN 1873-572X, Vol. 60, p. 144-169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this laboratory experiment, we show that people incorporate irrelevant group information when evaluating others. Individuals from groups that perform badly on average receive low evaluations, even when it is known that the individuals themselves perform well. This group-bias occurs both in a gendered setup, where women form the worse performing group, and in a non-gendered setup. The type of discrimination that we identify is neither taste-based nor statistical; it is rather due to conservatism in updating beliefs, and is even more pronounced among women. Furthermore, self-confident men overvalue male performers. When our data is used to simulate a job promotion ladder, we observe that women are driven out quickly.

  • 16.
    Alexius, Annika
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Why are real interest rates so low? Evidence from a structural VAR with sign restrictionsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Real interest rates reached record low levels in many countries as the business cycle picks up after the financial crisis. Numerous explanations for this phenomenon have been suggested, but only a handful of studies attempt to disentangle the relative importance of the different factors. Sign restrictions are useful for analyzing this problem since shocks to the supply of savings and investment demand have effects of different signs. The simplest bivariate Bayesian VAR model with only the real interest rate and savings indicates that shocks to investment have been twice as important as shocks to savings. When more variables are included, we find that negative business cycle shocks have depressed the real interest rate by -1.26%. The second most important factor is low productivity, contributing-1.11%. However, high savings has not been a major driving force behind the low real interest rates during the recent period.

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  • 17.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Birenstam, Helene
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Eklund, Johanna
    The interbank market risk premium, central bank interventions, and measures of market liquidity2014In: Journal of International Money and Finance, ISSN 0261-5606, E-ISSN 1873-0639, Vol. 48, p. 202-217Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When the interbank market risk premium soared during the financial crisis, it created a wedge between interest rates actually paid by private agents and the rapidly falling policy rates. Many central banks attempted to improve the situation by supplying liquidity to the domestic interbank market. This paper studies the Swedish interbank market risk premium using a unique data set on traded volume between banks and between banks and the Riksbank. We find that the main determinants of the Swedish interbank premium are international variables, such as US and EURO area risk premia. International exchange rate volatility and the EURO/USD deviations from CIP also matters, while standard measures of domestic market liquidity and domestic credit risk have insignificant effects. Nonlinear smooth transition (STR) models show that U.S. financial variables are more important in times of a rising U.S. risk premium. Our measure of actual turnover in the interbank market is associated with a significant reduction of the interbank market risk premium, as are credit provisions by the central bank.

  • 18.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Carlsson, Mikael
    Production Function Residuals, VAR Technology Shocks, and Hours Worked: Evidence From Industry Data2007In: Economics LettersArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Holmberg, Mikaela
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Pass-through with volatile exchange rates and inflation targeting2024In: Review of World Economics, ISSN 1610-2878, E-ISSN 1610-2886, Vol. 160, p. 377-387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As central banks struggle against high inflation in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in the Ukraine, it is essential to understand the open economy aspects of inflation determination. Using a Bayesian VAR with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility, we analyze the behavior of pass-through across time and in relation to macroeconomic variables. Pass-through increases with the size of the volatility of the exchange rate and the level, variance and persistence of shocks to domestic prices, which is in line with theory. The persistence of exchange rate shocks is associated with higher pass-through only for observations with low inflation. Furthermore, the effect of inflation persistence on pass-through is much higher for exchange rate appreciations than for depreciations. 

  • 20.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Holmlund, Bertil
    Monetary policy and Swedish Unemployment Fluctuations2008In: Economics - The Open-Access Open-Assessment E-JournalArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Kjellberg, David
    Can Endogenous Monetary Policy Explain the Deviations from UIP?2002Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The co-movements of nominal exchange rates and short-term interest rates as the economy is hit by shocks is a potential source of ex post deviations from uncovered interest rate parity. This paper investigates whether an established model of endogenous monetary policy in an open economy is capable of explaning the exchange rate risk premium puzzle. Time series on interest differentials and exchange rate changes are generated from the Svensson (2000) model. Uncovered interest rate parity is tested on the simulated data and the b-coefficients are investigated. For most realistic choices of parameter values, the b-coefficients are positive but much smaller than the unity value expected from UIP. It is however also possible to obtain large, negative b-coefficients if the central bank is engaged in interest rate smoothing.

  • 22.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Post, Erik
    Cointegration and the Stabilizing Role of Exchange RatesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Sellin, Peter
    Exchange Rates and Long-Term BondsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Sellin, Peter
    Exchange Rates and Long-term BondsIn: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, ISSN 0347-0520, E-ISSN 1467-9442Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     

     

     

    Tentative evidence suggests that the empirical failure of uncovered

    interest parity (UIP) is con

     

    fi

    ned to short-term interest rates. Tests of

    UIP for long-term interest rates are however hampered by various data

    problems. By focusing on short investments in long-term bonds, these

    data problems can be avoided. We study the relationship between the

    US dollar - Deutsch Mark exchange rate and German and American

    bond rates. The hypothesis that expected returns to investments in

    bonds denominated in the two currencies are equal cannot be rejected.

    This result is not simply due to low power as the

     

    β−coeffi

    cients are

    close to unity. For the corresponding short-term interest rates, the

    typical

     

    finding of a large and significantly negative β−coeffi

    cient is

    con

    firmed.

  • 25.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Sellin, Peter
    Exchange Rates and Long-Term Bonds2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, ISSN 0347-0520, E-ISSN 1467-9442, Vol. 114, no 3, p. 974-990Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is tentative evidence to suggest that the well-documented empirical failure of uncovered interest parity (UIP) is confined to short-term interest rates. However, tests of UIP for long-term bonds are thwarted by various data problems. These data problems can be avoided by focusing on short investments in long-term bonds. This paper concerns the relationship between changes in the US dollar-Deutsche Mark exchange rate and returns to short investments in US and German long-term government bonds. The hypothesis that expected returns to investments in bonds denominated in the two currencies are equal is not rejected, and the estimated slope coefficients are positive. For corresponding short-term interest rates, the typical finding of negative and large Fama coefficients is confirmed. We conclude that it is the maturity of the asset, rather than the investment horizon, that matters for the results.

  • 26.
    Alexius, Annika
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Spång, Daniel
    Stock prices and GDP in the long run2018In: Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, ISSN 1792-6580, E-ISSN 1792-6599, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 107-126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have documented long run equilibrium relationships between either stock prices and labour income or dividends and consumption. In a general equilibrium stochastic growth model, these variables are related in the long run because they are all driven by the same stochastic trend - the fundamental development of productivity. We show that national stock price indices are cointegrated with domestic and foreign GDP in the G7 countries. Higher domestic productivity increase both domestic GDP and domestic stock prices. In the panel, countries with favorable GDP developments also have higher stock prices. The relationship between relative GDP and relative stock prices is stronger for countries with markedly different GDP growth compared to their trading partners.

  • 27. Allakulov, Umrbek
    et al.
    Cocciolo, Serena
    Das, Binayak
    Habib, Md Ahasan
    Rambjer, Lovisa
    Tompsett, Anna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden.
    Transparency, governance, and water and sanitation: Experimental evidence from schools in rural Bangladesh2023In: Journal of Development Economics, ISSN 0304-3878, E-ISSN 1872-6089, Vol. 163, article id 103082Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Can transparency interventions improve WASH service provision? We use a randomized experiment to evaluate the impacts of a transparency intervention, a deliberative multi-stakeholder workshop initiated with a community scorecard exercise, in schools in rural Bangladesh. To measure impacts, we combine survey data, direct observations, and administrative data. The intervention leads to moderate but consistent improvements in knowledge of WASH standards and practices, and institutions for WASH service management, but does not improve school WASH service provision or change WASH facility use patterns. Drawing on rich descriptive data, we suggest several reasons why the intervention we evaluate did not improve WASH service outcomes and propose ways to improve the design of future interventions.

  • 28. Almenberg, Johan
    et al.
    Lusardi, Annamaria
    Säve-Soderbergh, Jenny
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Vestman, Roine
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Attitudes towards Debt and Debt Behavior*2021In: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, ISSN 0347-0520, E-ISSN 1467-9442, Vol. 123, no 3, p. 780-809Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We introduce a novel survey measure of attitude towards debt. Matching our survey results with panel data on Swedish household balance sheets from registry data, we show that our measure of debt attitude helps to explain individual variation in indebtedness as well as debt build-up and spending behavior in the period 2004-2007. As an explanatory variable, debt attitude compares well with a number of other determinants of debt, including education, risk-taking, and financial literacy. We also provide evidence that suggests that debt attitude is passed down along family lines and has a cultural element.

  • 29.
    Almerud, Jakob
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    On the empirical relevance of cointegration between stock market returns and labor income on optimal portfolio choiceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    I investigate the empirical relevance of cointegration between labor income and (cumulative) equity returns on the optimal choice between equity and risk-free bonds for finitely lived households facing an exogenously given economic environment. Benzoni et al. (2007) showed that such cointegration implies that households should save only in risk-free bonds when young, and increase the share of equity in the portfolio as they grow older. Since this result is a reversal of conventional wisdom, I investigate if the empirical cointegration relationship is strong enough to be relevant when households make investment decisions. Using an economic environment estimated on US data between 1929-2016, I find that cointegration exists, but that it is not strong enough to result in an increasing equity share with age.

  • 30.
    Almerud, Jakob
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Optimal public policy in a multi-sector model with asymmetric shocksManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In an economy with sticky prices and multiple large sectors that face asymmetric shocks, it is not possible to reach the first-best outcome with only monetary policy as a tool. However, with the introduction of state-dependent fiscal policy, the first best can be achieved. I show that in such an economy, the central bank should aim for zero aggregate inflation, while the fiscal authority changes taxes and wage subsidies to change effective relative prices between the sectors. Furthermore I show that if the fiscal authority has an implementation lag of one period when conducting fiscal policy, so that it decides the policy for t+1 in period t, it is no longer possible to reach to first-best solution. It is however still beneficial to conduct fiscal policy.

  • 31.
    Almerud, Jakob
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Public Policy, Household Finance and the Macroeconomy2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The thesis contains four separate essays, spanning questions of the interaction between public policy, household finance and the macroeconomy. How does public policy affect macroeconomic outcomes, and the choices and welfare of households, and what are households’ optimal financial responses to changes in macroeconomic environments? Furthermore, the thesis includes a development of a method, which is helpful to answer questions like the ones stated above. 

    The first essay, Optimal Public Policy in a Multi-Sector Economy with Asymmetric Shocks, shows how fiscal policy can complement monetary policy. It is shown that fiscal policy can be used to improve macroeconomic outcomes and make the economy more efficient. Since fiscal policy, in general, includes more instruments than monetary policy, it is possible to neutralize several frictions in the economy simultaneously. This is shown in a general equilibrium model with dynastic households, where firms face monopolistic competition, sticky prices, productivity shocks and cost-push shocks. 

    The second essay, On the Design of Mortgage Default Legislation, asks how different types of mortgage contracts interact with different types of mortgage default policies regarding the probability of a default on home-owner’s mortgage. The different types of mortgage contracts analyzed are fixed rate annuity mortgages, adjustable rate amortized mortgages and adjustable rate non-amortized mortgages. The mortgage default policies span from non-recourse (where the mortgage lender takes all the default risk) to full recourse (where the borrower takes all the default risk). It is shown that a “borrower friendly” non-recourse policy is, as the one implemented in many parts of the United States, not necessarily borrower friendly due to its effect on the risk premium. This is investigated in a model with finitely lived households and an endogenous risk premium. 

    The third essay, On The Empirical Relevance of Cointegration Between Stock Market Returns and Labor Income on Optimal Portfolio Choice, investigates how finitely lived households optimally choose a portfolio consisting of risk-free bonds and risky equity, and how this choice is affected by the long-run correlation between risky (cumulative) equity returns and stochastic labor income. More specifically, I investigate if the empirical cointegration (long-run correlation) between the two variables is strong enough to affect the optimal portfolio choice.  It is shown that it is not. Cointegration exists between the two variables, but the speed-of-adjustment back to the cointegration equilibrium is to slow to have a significant effect on the households’ optimal portfolios. 

    The fourth essay, Solving Dynamic Programming Problems Using Stochastic Grids and Nearest-Neighbor Interpolation, describes a new computational method, which is used in the second and third essays. The method is developed to solve models with finitely lived households who face a complex economic environment. Post-state decision rules for the households are used together with simulated stochastic grids over the exogenous variables. By simulating the grids it is possible to reduce the number of grid points that the model is solved for, thereby making it significantly faster to solve models with many exogenous state variables. It is shown that it is possible to solve non-linear life-cycle models including at least eight state variables relatively quickly on a standard desktop computer.

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  • 32.
    Almerud, Jakob
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Vestman, Roine
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Österling, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    On the Design of Mortgage Default LegislationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We characterize the condition under which mortgage defaults occur and the welfare consequences of recourse versus non-recourse under different types of mortgage contracts. We build a model where household endogenously chooses to default on their mortgage and where bank endogenously set the risk premium tailored to the kind of mortgage contract and the current exemption level. We find that even moderate recourse, i.e. some garnishment of wages and assets upon default, provides a potent means for discouraging defaults. Furthermore, we find that households prefer strong recourse to weak recourse, as it implies a reduction of the risk premium. Under non-recourse, households prefer ARMs over IOs and FRMs, while under moderate recourse they prefer IOs over ARMs and FRMs. Our analysis suggests that the moral hazard effects on labor supply under strong recourse do not outweigh the benefits of the reduction in the risk premium. In no regime do households prefer FRMs over ARMs.

  • 33.
    Almerud, Jakob
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Österling, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Solving dynamic programming problems using stochastic grids and nearest-neighbor interpolationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose two modications to the method of endogenous grid points that greatly decreases the computational time for life cycle models with many exogenous state variables. First, we use simulated stochastic grids on the exogenous state variables. Second, when we interpolate to nd the continuation value of the model, we split the interpolation step into two: We use nearest-neighbor interpolation over the exogenous state variables, and multilinear interpolation over the endogenous state variables. We evaluate the numerical accuracy and computational eciency of the algorithm by solving a standard consumption/savings life-cycle model with an arbitrary number of exogenous state variables. The model with eight exogenous state variables is solved in around eight minutes on a standard desktop computer. We then demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm by solving a model which includes a more realistic income process estimated by Guvenen et al. (2015).

  • 34.
    Almgren, Mattias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Essays on Home Production, Mobility, and Monetary Policy2023Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Allocation of Expenditures and Time over Time

    In the year 2018, the average high skilled single male worked more than 35 hours per week in the market and allocated more than 70 percent of expenditures to services. In the same year, the average low skilled female worked 22 hours per week in the market and allocated around 65 percent of expenditures to services. What might explain these differences at that point in time, and how they have developed over time? In this paper, I compile and analyze data related to time-use and the allocation of expenditures. The dataset that I compile is customized to fit the needs of my companion paper, Home Production, Expenditures, and Time Use, in which I propose and test a theory that includes home production.

    Home Production, Expenditures, and Time Use

    I propose a unified analysis of expenditures and time use, via a model in which households can produce services at home. I show that the model, which uses stable homothetic preferences and standard functional forms for home production, can match data for the U.S. about expenditures and time-use, both in the cross-section and the developments over time. For women, changes in social norms were important. Absent changes in social norms, the developments would have been vastly different, both in terms of how they allocated their time and in terms of how expenditures were allocated.

    It Runs in the Family: Occupational Choice and the Allocation of Talent

    Children frequently grow up to work in the same jobs as their parents. Using unique data on worker skills and personality traits, and administrative data on the labor market outcomes of Swedish men, we study how skills and parental background influence occupational choice, intergenerational mobility, and the allocation of talent in the economy. First, we document that sons are disproportionately more likely to follow into the same occupation as their fathers, across all skills and earnings levels. Second, we estimate a general equilibrium Roy model with costly occupational choice and heterogeneous entry barriers depending on parental background. We find that these entry barriers lead to misallocation: Equalizing entry costs across workers leads occupational following to fall by half. This leads to increased intergenerational mobility, with the largest income gains among sons of fathers in the bottom income decile. Third, exploiting structural change in employment in fathers' occupations, difference-in-differences estimates imply that occupational following leads to reduced earnings, concentrated among sons of low-income fathers and those whose skills are misaligned with those of incumbents in their father’s occupation.  Our findings suggest that equalizing career opportunities bring equity gains.

    Monetary Policy and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from the Euro Area

    We quantify the relationship between the response of output to monetary policy shocks and the share of liquidity constrained households. We do so in the context of the euro area, using a Local Projections Instrumental Variables estimation. We construct an instrument for changes in interest rates from changes in overnight indexed swap rates in a narrow time window around ECB announcements. Monetary policy shocks have heterogeneous effects on output across countries. Using micro data, we show that the elasticity of output to monetary policy shocks is larger in countries that have a larger fraction of households that are liquidity constrained.

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  • 35. Almond, Douglas
    et al.
    Edlund, Lena
    Joffe, Michael
    Palme, Mårten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    An adaptive significance of morning sickness? Trivers-Willard and Hyperemesis Gravidarum2016In: Economics and Human Biology, ISSN 1570-677X, E-ISSN 1873-6130, Vol. 21, p. 167-171Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nausea during pregnancy, with or without vomiting, is a common early indication of pregnancy in humans. The severe form, Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG), can be fatal. The aetiology of HG is unknown. We propose that HG may be a proximate mechanism for the Trivers-Willard (T-W) evolutionary hypothesis that mothers in poor condition should favor daughters. Using Swedish linked registry data, 1987-2005, we analyze all pregnancies that resulted in an HG admission and/or a live birth, 1.65 million pregnancies in all. Consistent with the T-W hypothesis, we find that: (i) HG is associated with poor maternal condition as proxied by low education; (ii) HG in the first two months of pregnancy is associated with a 7% point increase in live girl births; and (iii) HG affected pregnancies have a 34-percent average rate of inferred pregnancy loss, higher among less educated women.

  • 36. Almond, Douglas
    et al.
    Edlund, Lena
    Palme, Mårten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Chernobyl's subclinical legacy: prenatal exposure to radioactive fallout and school outcomes in sweden2009In: Quarterly Journal of Economics, ISSN 0033-5533, E-ISSN 1531-4650, Vol. 124, no 4, p. 1729-1772Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use prenatal exposure to Chernobyl fallout in Sweden as a natural experiment inducing variation in cognitive ability. Students born in regions of Sweden with higher fallout performed worse in secondary school, in mathematics in particular. Damage is accentuated within families (i.e., siblings comparison) and among children born to parents with low education. In contrast, we detect no corresponding damage to health outcomes. To the extent that parents responded to the cognitive endowment, we infer that parental investments reinforced the initial Chernobyl damage. From a public health perspective, our findings suggest that cognitive ability is compromised at radiation doses currently considered harmless.

  • 37.
    Almén, Daniel
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Societal Impacts of Modern Conscription: Human Capital, Social Capital and Criminal Behaviour2020Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Opportunity Costs and Conscription: An Unintended Progressive Tax?

    Throughout history to present days, policymakers, social commentators and others have oftentimes viewed conscription as a natural extension of secondary education, and an important institution for vocational training. This paper uses Swedish administrative data and exploits a reform in 2004, implying a sudden downsizing of the military, to identify the causal effects of peacetime conscription on later labour market outcomes and education. I find that unemployment increased in the short run, and lasted up to four years after service. There are no significant overall effects on income or educational attainment. However, these average effects hide a large heterogeneity. High ability conscripts fall behind their counterparts who did not start military service, both in terms of income and employment. Furthermore, the results suggest that the effect is attributed to high ability conscripts assigned as privates. In contrast, no such evidence is found for conscripts assigned to officer training, despite the fact that all of them have a high ability, and a longer time in service. Plausibly, high ability conscripts have high opportunity costs of doing military service, and the civilian benefits from training as privates are too small to counteract these costs. The results highlight the importance of precise matching of aptitude to type of training or education, an insight that might be generalized to other contexts beyond conscription.

    Citizenship, Social Capital and the Role of Conscription: Evidence from Sweden

    Many scholars have argued that conscription has played an important role as a nation-builder throughout history. Today, advocates of conscription often put forward its potential to induce citizenship and civic engagement. This paper addresses this claim by studying the causal effects of military service on civic engagement by using Swedish administrative data on election participation, blood donation, and the payment of a mandatory, but highly evaded, fee to the public broadcasting service. I study two qualitatively very different conscription systems from two different eras in Sweden, yielding a high external validity. To study the effects of universal conscription (almost all healthy and fit men serve) during the early 1990s, I use an empirical strategy similar in spirit to work using randomly assigned judges as an instrument. To identify the effects of selective conscription (a small fraction of motivated and positively selected men serve), I exploit a reform in 2004, implying a sudden downsizing of the military. In contrast to the previous correlational literature, the results show small and insignificant point estimates for all outcomes in both populations studied. Hence, I find no evidence of any causal effects of military service on civic engagement in either a selective-, or in a universal conscription system

    The Effect of Military Conscription on the Formation of Criminal Behaviour: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

    Conscription has been suggested to be a policy-tool to break young men's anti-social life-trajectories. This paper uses Swedish administrative data and exploits a reform in 2004, implying a sudden downsizing of the military, to identify the causal effects of peacetime conscription on contemporaneous, short- and medium-term crime. I find no evidence of any effects on criminal activity while in service. However, the post-service results show crime increasing effects of military service at the intensive margin (number of convictions), but not at the extensive margin (probability of conviction). The overall crime increasing effect seems to be primarily driven by thefts. This study finds no support for increased overall violent behaviour or that the military context per se induces anti-social behaviour. Rather, some suggestive evidence for worsened labour market opportunities for some groups is documented as a plausible mechanism behind the crime increasing results.

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  • 38.
    Altmejd, Adam
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Östergren, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences.
    Björkegren, Evelina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Persson, Torsten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies. London School of Economics, London, United Kingdon.
    Inequality and COVID-19 in Sweden: Relative risks of nine bad life events, by four social gradients, in pandemic vs. prepandemic years2023In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 120, no 46, article id e2303640120Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The COVID-19 pandemic struck societies directly and indirectly, not just challenging population health but disrupting many aspects of life. Different effects of the spreading virus—and the measures to fight it—are reported and discussed in different scientific fora, with hard-to-compare methods and metrics from different traditions. While the pandemic struck some groups more than others, it is difficult to assess the comprehensive impact on social inequalities. This paper gauges social inequalities using individual-level administrative data for Sweden’s entire population. We describe and analyze the relative risks for different social groups in four dimensions—gender, education, income, and world region of birth—to experience three types of COVID-19 incidence, as well as six additional negative life outcomes that reflect general health, access to medical care, and economic strain. During the pandemic, the overall population faced severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 and saw higher all-cause mortality, income losses and unemployment risks, as well as reduced access to medical care. These burdens fell more heavily on individuals with low income or education and on immigrants. Although these vulnerable groups experienced larger absolute risks of suffering the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic, the relative risks in pandemic years (2020 and 2021) were conspicuously similar to those in prepandemic years (2016 to 2019)

  • 39.
    Andersen, Torben
    et al.
    University of Aarhus.
    Bergman, Michael
    University of Copenhagen.
    Calmfors, Lars
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Flodén, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Hartman, Laura
    Centre for Business and Policy Studies (SNS).
    Svaleryd, Helena
    Reseach Institute of Industrial Economics.
    Tobisson, Lars
    Åsbrink, Erik
    Svensk finanspolitik: Finanspolitiska rådets rapport 20102010Report (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Anderson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    All Guts, No Glory: Trading and Diversification among Online Investors2007In: European Financial Management, Vol. 13, p. 448-471Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41. Anderson, Anders
    et al.
    Dreber, Anna
    Vestman, Roine
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics. Swedish House of Finance, Sweden.
    Risk taking, behavioral biases and genes: Results from 149 active investors2015In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, ISSN 2214-6350, E-ISSN 2214-6369, Vol. 6, p. 93-100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent evidence suggests that there is genetic basis for economic behaviors, including preferences for risk taking. We correlate variation in risk taking and behavioral biases with two genetic polymorphisms related to the uptake of dopamine and serotonin (7R+ DRD4 and s/s 5-HTTLPR), hypothesizing that they are positively (negatively) related to risk taking. We use a small but detailed sample of active investors where we combine survey data with DNA samples and data from Swedish tax records that give us objective information about actual economic choices. We find a positive (negative) relationship between the dopamine (serotonin) gene and life expectancy bias, but no other significant correlations between the two genes and behaviors, including risk taking and measures of equity holdings. We acknowledge that our tests suffer from low power originating from the small sample size, which warrants some caution when interpreting these results. 

  • 42.
    Anderson, Sara
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Backman, Sandra
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Flygskatt. En empirisk studie av flygskattens genomsnittliga effekt inom Europeiska unionen.2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 43.
    Andersson, Eva
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Bunar, Nihad
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Böhlmark, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Edmark, Karin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). Institutet för näringslivsforskning (IFN), Sverige.
    Erikson, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Fredriksson, Peter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Malmberg, Bo
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Vlachos, Jonas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Öckert, Björn
    "Lottning bättre än närhet och kötid för att bryta segregering"2017In: Dagens Nyheter, ISSN 1101-2447, no 30 aprilArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 44. Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Berg, Heléne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Dahlberg, Matz
    Migrating natives and foreign immigration: Is there a preference for ethnic residential homogeneity?2021In: Journal of Urban Economics, ISSN 0094-1190, E-ISSN 1095-9068, Vol. 121, article id 103296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the migration behavior of the native Swedish population following refugee immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is support for an ethnically based migration response. Using rich geo-coded Swedish data, we account for possible endogeneity problems by combining policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find the same flight among all natives, irrespective of their parental foreign background. This suggests that ethnic distance to the new immigrants is not the dominant channel causing natives' flight behavior. Instead, refugee immigration seems to lead to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods.

  • 45.
    Andersson Joona, Pernilla
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Nekby, Lena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Intensive coaching of new immigrants: an evaluation based on random program assignment2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, ISSN 0347-0520, E-ISSN 1467-9442, Vol. 114, no 2, p. 575-600Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether intensive counseling and coaching by Public Employment Service (PES) caseworkers improves the employment opportunities of new immigrants in Sweden. This is tested within the framework of introduction programs for new immigrants. A trial introduction program was implemented from October 2006 to June 2008. Within participating municipalities, new immigrants were randomly assigned into treatment (intensive coaching) or control (regular introduction programs). The results indicate that there are significant treatment effects on employment probabilities as well as on participation in intermediate PES training programs.

  • 46.
    Andersson Joona, Pernilla
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Nekby, Lena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Kan introduktionsprogrammen förbättras? Utvärdering av ett randomiserat experiment – försöksverksamheten för vissa nyanlända invandrare (FNI)2009In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 37, no 6, p. 6-17Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vi har jämfört övergången från arbetslöshet till osubventionerat och subventionerat arbete, utbildning och arbetsmarknadsutbildning för en grupp nyanlända invandrare som slumpmässigt valts ut för att delta i en försöksverksamhet. Försöket, som syftar till att förkorta tiden fram till inträde på arbetsmarknaden, bedrevs vid arbetsförmedlingar i Stockholms, Kronobergs och Skåne län. Gruppen jämfördes med en slumpmässigt utvald kontrollgrupp bestående av nyanlända som skrivits in vid samma arbetsförmedling under samma tidsperiod. Vi finner att sannolikheten att övergå till osubventionerat arbete, senast 15 månader efter inskrivning, i genomsnitt är omkring 4 procentenheter högre för deltagare i försöket.

  • 47.
    Andersson Joona, Pernilla
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Nekby, Lena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    TIPping the Scales towards Greater Employment Chances? Evaluation of a Trial Introduction Program (TIP) for Newly-Arrived Immigrants based on Random Program Assignment2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A Trial Introduction Program (TIP) for newly-arrived immigrants to Sweden was set up in October 2006 in order to meet the main criticisms directed at existing introduction programs. Two primary innovations were introduced, flexible language instruction parallelwith other labor market activities at the Public Employment Service (PES) and intensive counselling and coaching by PES caseworkerswith considerably reduced caseloads. Within participating municipalities, newly-arrived immigrants were randomly assigned into TIP or the control group, i.e., regular introduction programs. Results indicate small but significant treatment effects on the probability of attaining regular employment and subsidized employment. In addition,TIP participants were considerably more likely to enter intermediate PES training programs. Hazard rates into PES training programs were also significantly higher for participants in TIP in comparison to participants in regular introduction programs.

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  • 48.
    Andersson Joona, Pernilla
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Nekby, Lena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    TIPping the Scales towards Greater Employment Chances? Evaluation of a Trial Introduction Program(TIP) for Newly Arrived Immigrants based on Random Program Assignment2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A Trial Introduction Program (TIP) for newly-arrived immigrants to Sweden was implemented from October 2006 to June 2008 in order to meet the main criticisms directed at existing introduction programs. Two primary innovations were introduced, flexible language instruction parallel with other labor market activities at the Public Employment Service (PES) and intensive counseling and coaching by PES caseworkers with considerably reduced caseloads. Within participating municipalities, newly-arrived immigrants were randomly assigned into TIP (treatment) or regular introduction programs (control). Results indicate significant treatment effects on the probability of attaining regular employment as well as the probability of entering intermediate PES training programs. Hazard rates into PES training programs were also significantly higher for participants in TIP in comparison to participants in regular introduction programs.

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  • 49. Antunes, Ana
    et al.
    Campainha, Sergio
    Castro, Ana
    Brinca, Pedro
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Barroso, Ana
    Conde, Sara
    Neves, Sofia
    Machado, Jose Carlos
    Parente, Barbara
    STUDY OF THE MUTATIONAL STATE OF EGFR IN DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLES OF NSCLC - NEW APPROACH METHODS2011In: Journal of Thoracic Oncology, ISSN 1556-0864, E-ISSN 1556-1380, Vol. 6, no 6, p. S1495-S1496Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Arai, Mahmood
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Besancenot, Damien
    University of Paris.
    Huynh, Kim
    University of Paris.
    Skalli, Ali
    University of Paris.
    Children’s first names and immigrationbackground in France2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We present evidence indicating that immigrants and especially those from the Maghreb/Middle-East give first names to their children that are different from those given by the French majority population. When it comes to natives with an immigrant background, these differences are very little pronounced. Being born and raised up in France as well as being exposed to the French society and culture through residence, citizenship and the educational system draws individuals with or without immigrant background into similar ways of expressing belongings when choosing firstnames for their children, indicating the very strong assimilating forces in the French society.

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