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  • 1. Aamer, Aysha
    et al.
    Nicholl, Matt
    Jerkstrand, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Gomez, Sebastian
    Oates, Samantha R.
    Smartt, Stephen J.
    Srivastav, Shubham
    Leloudas, Giorgos
    Anderson, Joseph P.
    Berger, Edo
    de Boer, Thomas
    Chambers, Kenneth
    Chen, Ting-Wan
    Galbany, Lluís
    Gao, Hua
    Gompertz, Benjamin P.
    González-Bañuelos, Maider
    Gromadzki, Mariusz
    Gutiérrez, Claudia P.
    Inserra, Cosimo
    Lowe, Thomas B.
    Magnier, Eugene A.
    Mazzali, Paolo A.
    Moore, Thomas
    Müller-Bravo, Tomás E.
    Pursiainen, Miika
    Rest, Armin
    Schulze, Steve
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Smith, Ken W.
    Terwel, Jacco H.
    Wainscoat, Richard
    Young, David R.
    A precursor plateau and pre-maximum [O ii] emission in the superluminous SN2019szu: a pulsational pair-instability candidate2023In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 527, no 4, p. 11970-11995Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a detailed study on SN2019szu, a Type I superluminous supernova at z = 0.213 that displayed unique photometric and spectroscopic properties. Pan-STARRS and ZTF forced photometry show a pre-explosion plateau lasting ∼40 d. Unlike other SLSNe that show decreasing photospheric temperatures with time, the optical colours show an apparent temperature increase from ∼15 000 to ∼20 000 K over the first 70 d, likely caused by an additional pseudo-continuum in the spectrum. Remarkably, the spectrum displays a forbidden emission line (likely attributed to λλ7320,7330) visible 16 d before maximum light, inconsistent with an apparently compact photosphere. This identification is further strengthened by the appearances of [O III] λλ4959, 5007, and [O III] λ4363 seen in the spectrum. Comparing with nebular spectral models, we find that the oxygen line fluxes and ratios can be reproduced with ∼0.25 M of oxygen-rich material with a density of ∼10−15 g cm−3⁠. The low density suggests a circumstellar origin, but the early onset of the emission lines requires that this material was ejected within the final months before the terminal explosion, consistent with the timing of the precursor plateau. Interaction with denser material closer to the explosion likely produced the pseudo-continuum bluewards of ∼5500 Å. We suggest that this event is one of the best candidates to date for a pulsational pair-instability ejection, with early pulses providing the low density material needed for the formation of the forbidden emission line, and collisions between the final shells of ejected material producing the pre-explosion plateau.

  • 2. Abbott, B. P.
    et al.
    Tartaglia, Leonardo
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Salemi, F.
    Optically targeted search for gravitational waves emitted by core-collapse supernovae during the first and second observing runs of advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo2020In: Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, ISSN 2470-0010, E-ISSN 2470-0029, Vol. 101, no 8, article id 084002Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results from a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernovae observed within a source distance of approximately 20 Mpc during the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. No significant gravitational-wave candidate was detected. We report the detection efficiencies as a function of the distance for waveforms derived from multidimensional numerical simulations and phenomenological extreme emission models. The sources with neutrino-driven explosions are detectable at the distances approaching 5 kpc, and for magnetorotationally driven explosions the distances are up to 54 kpc. However, waveforms for extreme emission models are detectable up to 28 Mpc. For the first time, the gravitational-wave data enabled us to exclude part of the parameter spaces of two extreme emission models with confidence up to 83%, limited by coincident data coverage. Besides, using ad hoc harmonic signals windowed with Gaussian envelopes, we constrained the gravitational-wave energy emitted during core collapse at the levels of 4.27 x 10(-4) M(circle dot)c(2) and 1.28 x 10(-1) M(circle dot)c(2) for emissions at 235 and 1304 Hz, respectively. These constraints are 2 orders of magnitude more stringent than previously derived in the corresponding analysis using initial LIGO, initial Virgo, and GEO 600 data.

  • 3. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Allafort, A.
    Amin, M. A.
    Baldini, L.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brigida, M.
    Buehler, R.
    Bulmash, D.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Charles, E.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Chiaro, G.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden.
    Corbet, R. H. D.
    Cutini, S.
    D'Ammando, F.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Dermer, C. D.
    Drell, P. S.
    Drlica-Wagner, A.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Finke, J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Glanzman, T.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Inoue, Y.
    Jackson, M. S.
    Jogler, T.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Kamae, T.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Latronico, L.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    Mehault, J.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nemmen, R.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohno, M.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Paneque, D.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Pivato, G.
    Porter, T. A.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Ritz, S.
    Romoli, C.
    Roth, M.
    Parkinson, P. M. Saz
    Sgro, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takeuchi, Y.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tinivella, M.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Troja, E.
    Tronconi, V.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vianello, G.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Werner, M.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    GAMMA-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY FROM THE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED BLAZAR PKS 1830-211 OBSERVED BY Fermi LAT2015In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 799, no 2, article id 143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Large Area Telescope ( LAT) on board the FermiGamma- ray Space Telescope routinely detects the MeV- peaked flat- spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830- 211 ( z = 2.507). Its apparent isotropic. - ray luminosity ( E > 100 MeV), averaged over 3 years of observations and peaking on 2010 October 14/ 15 at 2.9 x 1050 erg s- 1, makes it among the brightest high- redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio observations, one expects time- delayed variability to follow about 25 days after a primary flare, with flux about a factor of 1.5 less. Two large. - ray flares of PKS 1830- 211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period, and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the. - ray flux ratio between the two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum with no significant correlation of X- ray flux with the. - ray variability. The spectral energy distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability, the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and. - ray flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an energy- dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for understanding our results.

  • 4. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Allafort, A.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Charles, E.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Conrad, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Cutini, S.
    D'Ammando, F.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Dermer, C. D.
    Digel, S. W.
    do Couto e Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Escande, L.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Ferrara, E. C.
    Fortin, P.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giommi, P.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Horan, D.
    Itoh, R.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC). Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Latronico, L.
    Lee, S. -H
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McConville, W.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Naumann-Godo, M.
    Nishino, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Okumura, A.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Paneque, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Pierbattista, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzaque, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Ritz, S.
    Roth, M.
    Sadrozinski, H. F. -W
    Sanchez, D.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Schalk, T. L.
    Sgro, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Tanaka, Y.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Troja, E.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vianello, G.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Yang, Zhaoyu
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Ziegler, M.
    FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE GAMMA-RAY OUTBURST FROM 3C454.3 IN NOVEMBER 20102011In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, Vol. 733, no 2, p. L26-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C454.3 underwent an extraordinary 5 day gamma-ray outburst in 2010 November when the daily flux measured with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) at photon energies E > 100 MeV reached (66 +/- 2) x 10(-6) photons cm(-2) s(-1). This is a factor of three higher than its previous maximum flux recorded in 2009 December and greater than or similar to 5 times brighter than the Vela pulsar, which is normally the brightest source in the gamma-ray sky. The 3 hr peak flux was (85 +/- 5) x 10(-6) photons cm-2 s(-1), corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of (2.1 +/- 0.2) x10(50) erg s(-1), the highest ever recorded for a blazar. In this Letter, we investigate the features of this exceptional event in the gamma-ray band of the Fermi-LAT. In contrast to previous flares of the same source observed with the Fermi-LAT, clear spectral changes are observed during the flare.

  • 5. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Ampe, J.
    Anderson, B.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Bagagli, R.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bartelt, J.
    Bastieri, D.
    Baughman, B. M.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bédérède, D.
    Bellardi, F.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Belli, F.
    Berenji, B.
    Bisello, D.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bogaert, G.
    Bogart, J. R.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bourgeois, P.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Busetto, G.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Campell, M.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Carius, S.
    Carlson, P.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Ceccanti, M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Charles, E.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Chipaux, R.
    Cillis, A. N.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Condamoor, S.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Corbet, R.
    Cutini, S.
    Davis, D. S.
    Deklotz, M.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    Dizon, P.
    Dormody, M.
    Do Couto E Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Edmonds, Y.
    Fabiani, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Ferrara, E. C.
    Ferreira, O.
    Fewtrell, Z.
    Flath, D. L.
    Fleury, P.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fouts, K.
    Frailis, M.
    Freytag, D.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Goodman, J.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hakimi, M.
    Haller, G.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Hart, P. A.
    Hascall, P.
    Hays, E.
    Huffer, M.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, T. J.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kavelaars, A.
    Kelly, H.
    Kerr, M.
    Klamra, W.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Latronico, L.
    Lavalley, C.
    Leas, B.
    Lee, B.
    Lee, S.-H.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Lung, D. K.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Marangelli, B.
    Marchetti, M.
    Massai, M. M.
    May, D.
    Mazzenga, G.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    McGlynn, S.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Minuti, M.
    Mirizzi, N.
    Mitra, P.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Mongelli, M.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Moretti, E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nelson, D.
    Nilsson, L.
    Nishino, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohno, M.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paccagnella, A.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Picozza, P.
    Pinchera, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Rapposelli, E.
    Raynor, W.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Ritz, S.
    Robinson, S.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Romani, R. W.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sacchetti, A.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Saggini, N.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Sapozhnikov, L.
    Saxton, O. H.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Sellerholm, A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Sgrò, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Starck, J.-L.
    Stephens, T. E.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Strong, A. W.
    Sugizaki, M.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Tenze, A.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tibolla, O.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Turri, M.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vilchez, N.
    Virmani, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Wai, L. L.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, D. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Yasuda, H.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope2009In: Astroparticle physics, ISSN 0927-6505, E-ISSN 1873-2852, Vol. 32, no 3-4, p. 193-219Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.

  • 6. Abdo, A A
    et al.
    Ackermann, M
    Ajello, M
    Anderson, B
    Atwood, W B
    Axelsson, M
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L
    Ballet, J
    Barbiellini, G
    Baring, M G
    Bastieri, D
    Baughman, B M
    Bechtol, K
    Bellazzini, R
    Berenji, B
    Bignami, G F
    Blandford, R D
    Bloom, E D
    Bonamente, E
    Borgland, A W
    Bregeon, J
    Brez, A
    Brigida, M
    Bruel, P
    Burnett, T H
    Caliandro, G A
    Cameron, R A
    Caraveo, P A
    Casandjian, J M
    Cecchi, C
    Celik, O
    Chekhtman, A
    Cheung, C C
    Chiang, J
    Ciprini, S
    Claus, R
    Cohen-Tanugi, J
    Conrad, J
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Cutini, S
    Dermer, C D
    de Angelis, A
    de Luca, A
    de Palma, F
    Digel, S W
    Dormody, M
    do Couto e Silva, E
    Drell, P S
    Dubois, R
    Dumora, D
    Farnier, C
    Favuzzi, C
    Fegan, S J
    Fukazawa, Y
    Funk, S
    Fusco, P
    Gargano, F
    Gasparrini, D
    Gehrels, N
    Germani, S
    Giebels, B
    Giglietto, N
    Giommi, P
    Giordano, F
    Glanzman, T
    Godfrey, G
    Grenier, I A
    Grondin, M-H
    Grove, J E
    Guillemot, L
    Guiriec, S
    Gwon, C
    Hanabata, Y
    Harding, A K
    Hayashida, M
    Hays, E
    Hughes, R E
    Jóhannesson, G
    Johnson, R P
    Johnson, T J
    Johnson, W N
    Kamae, T
    Katagiri, H
    Kataoka, J
    Kawai, N
    Kerr, M
    Knödlseder, J
    Kocian, M L
    Kuss, M
    Lande, J
    Latronico, L
    Lemoine-Goumard, M
    Longo, F
    Loparco, F
    Lott, B
    Lovellette, M N
    Lubrano, P
    Madejski, G M
    Makeev, A
    Marelli, M
    Mazziotta, M N
    McConville, W
    McEnery, J E
    Meurer, C
    Michelson, P F
    Mitthumsiri, W
    Mizuno, T
    Monte, C
    Monzani, M E
    Morselli, A
    Moskalenko, I V
    Murgia, S
    Nolan, P L
    Norris, J P
    Nuss, E
    Ohsugi, T
    Omodei, N
    Orlando, E
    Ormes, J F
    Paneque, D
    Parent, D
    Pelassa, V
    Pepe, M
    Pesce-Rollins, M
    Pierbattista, M
    Piron, F
    Porter, T A
    Primack, J R
    Rainò, S
    Rando, R
    Ray, P S
    Razzano, M
    Rea, N
    Reimer, A
    Reimer, O
    Reposeur, T
    Ritz, S
    Rochester, L S
    Rodriguez, A Y
    Romani, R W
    Ryde, F
    Sadrozinski, H F-W
    Sanchez, D
    Sander, A
    Saz Parkinson, P M
    Scargle, J D
    Sgrò, C
    Siskind, E J
    Smith, D A
    Smith, P D
    Spandre, G
    Spinelli, P
    Starck, J-L
    Strickman, M S
    Suson, D J
    Tajima, H
    Takahashi, H
    Takahashi, T
    Tanaka, T
    Thayer, J G
    Thompson, D J
    Tibaldo, L
    Tibolla, O
    Torres, D F
    Tosti, G
    Tramacere, A
    Uchiyama, Y
    Usher, T L
    Van Etten, A
    Vasileiou, V
    Vilchez, N
    Vitale, V
    Waite, A P
    Wang, P
    Watters, K
    Winer, B L
    Wolff, M T
    Wood, K S
    Ylinen, T
    Ziegler, M
    Detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars through blind frequency searches using the Fermi LAT.2009In: Science (New York, N.Y.), ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 325, no 5942, p. 840-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are more than 1800 known radio pulsars, until recently only seven were observed to pulse in gamma rays, and these were all discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) makes it possible to pinpoint neutron stars through their gamma-ray pulsations. We report the detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars in blind frequency searches using the LAT. Most of these pulsars are coincident with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, and many are associated with supernova remnants. Direct detection of gamma-ray pulsars enables studies of emission mechanisms, population statistics, and the energetics of pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants.

  • 7. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Anderson, B.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Baughman, B. M.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Charles, E.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Dereli, H.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    di Bernardo, G.
    Dormody, M.
    Do Couto E Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Edmonds, Y.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gaggero, D.
    Gargano, F.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, T. J.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McConville, W.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Okumura, A.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ritz, S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Sellerholm, A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Sgrò, C.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Starck, J.-L.
    Stecker, F. W.
    Striani, E.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Strong, A. W.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Fermi Large Area Telescope Measurements of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission at Intermediate Galactic Latitudes2009In: Physical Review D. Particles and fields, ISSN 0556-2821, E-ISSN 1089-4918, Vol. 103, no 25, p. 1101-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The diffuse galactic γ-ray emission is produced by cosmic rays (CRs) interacting with the interstellar gas and radiation field. Measurements by the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory indicated excess γ-ray emission ≳1GeV relative to diffuse galactic γ-ray emission models consistent with directly measured CR spectra (the so-called “EGRET GeV excess”). The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has measured the diffuse γ-ray emission with improved sensitivity and resolution compared to EGRET. We report on LAT measurements for energies 100 MeV to 10 GeV and galactic latitudes 10°≤|b|≤20°. The LAT spectrum for this region of the sky is well reproduced by a diffuse galactic γ-ray emission model that is consistent with local CR spectra and inconsistent with the EGRET GeV excess.

  • 8. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Antolini, E.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Carrigan, S.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Celik, Oe.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Conrad, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Costamante, L.
    Cutini, S.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    do Couto e Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fortin, P.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giommi, P.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grove, J. E.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Healey, S. E.
    Horan, D.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Itoh, R.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Massaro, E.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Mueller, M.
    Murgia, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohno, M.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Ritz, S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Romani, R. W.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F. -W
    Sander, A.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Sgro, C.
    Shaw, M. S.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Starck, J. -L
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wallace, E.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Yang, Zhaoyu
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    GAMMA-RAY LIGHT CURVES AND VARIABILITY OF BRIGHT FERMI-DETECTED BLAZARS2010In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 722, no 1, p. 520-542Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents light curves as well as the first systematic characterization of variability of the 106 objects in the high-confidence Fermi Large Area Telescope Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). Weekly light curves of this sample, obtained during the first 11 months of the Fermi survey (2008 August 4-2009 July 4), are tested for variability and their properties are quantified through autocorrelation function and structure function analysis. For the brightest sources, 3 or 4 day binned light curves are extracted in order to determine power density spectra (PDSs) and to fit the temporal structure of major flares. More than 50% of the sources are found to be variable with high significance, where high states do not exceed 1/4 of the total observation range. Variation amplitudes are larger for flat spectrum radio quasars and low/intermediate synchrotron frequency peaked BL Lac objects. Autocorrelation timescales derived from weekly light curves vary from four to a dozen of weeks. Variable sources of the sample have weekly and 3-4 day bin light curves that can be described by 1/f(alpha) PDS, and show two kinds of gamma-ray variability: (1) rather constant baseline with sporadic flaring activity characterized by flatter PDS slopes resembling flickering and red noise with occasional intermittence and (2)-measured for a few blazars showing strong activity-complex and structured temporal profiles characterized by long-term memory and steeper PDS slopes, reflecting a random walk underlying mechanism. The average slope of the PDS of the brightest 22 FSRQs and of the 6 brightest BL Lacs is 1.5 and 1.7, respectively. The study of temporal profiles of well-resolved flares observed in the 10 brightest LBAS sources shows that they generally have symmetric profiles and that their total duration vary between 10 and 100 days. Results presented here can assist in source class recognition for unidentified sources and can serve as reference for more detailed analysis of the brightest gamma-ray blazars.

  • 9. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Antolini, E.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Cannon, A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Carrigan, S.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Celik, Oe
    Charles, E.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Costamante, L.
    Cutini, S.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Palma, F.
    Donato, D.
    do Couto e Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Escande, L.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Finke, J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fortin, P.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Itoh, R.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Latronico, L.
    Lee, S. -H
    Garde, Maja Llena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Mehault, J.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nakamori, T.
    Naumann-Godo, M.
    Nishino, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Okumura, A.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Ritz, S.
    Roth, M.
    Sadrozinski, H. F. -W
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Schinzel, F. K.
    Sgro, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, P. D.
    Sokolovsky, K. V.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Takahashi, H.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uehara, T.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wallace, E.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    SUBYang, Z.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Berdyugin, A.
    Boettcher, M.
    Carraminana, A.
    Carrasco, L.
    de la Fuente, E.
    Diltz, C.
    Hovatta, T.
    Kadenius, V.
    Kovalev, Y. Y.
    Lahteenmaki, A.
    Lindfors, E.
    Marscher, A. P.
    Nilsson, K.
    Pereira, D.
    Reinthal, R.
    Roustazadeh, P.
    Savolainen, T.
    Sillanpaa, A.
    Takalo, L. O.
    Tornikoski, M.
    THE FIRST FERMI MULTIFREQUENCY CAMPAIGN ON BL LACERTAE: CHARACTERIZING THE LOW-ACTIVITY STATE OF THE EPONYMOUS BLAZAR2011In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 730, no 2, p. 101-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on observations of BL Lacertae during the first 18 months of Fermi LAT science operations and present results from a 48 day multifrequency coordinated campaign from 2008 August 19 to 2008 October 7. The radio to gamma-ray behavior of BL Lac is unveiled during a low-activity state thanks to the coordinated observations of radio-band (Metsahovi and VLBA), near-IR/optical (Tuorla, Steward, OAGH, and MDM), and X-ray (RXTE and Swift) observatories. No variability was resolved in gamma rays during the campaign, and the brightness level was 15 times lower than the level of the 1997 EGRET outburst. Moderate and uncorrelated variability has been detected in UV and X-rays. The X-ray spectrum is found to be concave, indicating the transition region between the low- and high-energy components of the spectral energy distribution (SED). VLBA observation detected a synchrotron spectrum self-absorption turnover in the innermost part of the radio jet appearing to be elongated and inhomogeneous, and constrained the average magnetic field there to be less than 3 G. Over the following months, BL Lac appeared variable in gamma rays, showing flares (in 2009 April and 2010 January). There is no evidence for the correlation of gamma rays with the optical flux monitored from the ground in 18 months. The SED may be described by a single-zone or a two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, but a hybrid SSC plus external radiation Compton model seems to be preferred based on the observed variability and the fact that it provides a fit closest to equipartition.

  • 10. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Asano, K.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Baring, M. G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Bhat, P. N.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Bonnell, J.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Briggs, M. S.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burgess, J. M.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Çelik, Ö.
    Chaplin, V.
    Charles, E.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Connaughton, V.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Cutini, S.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    Dingus, B. L.
    Do Couto E Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Finke, J.
    Fishman, G.
    Focke, W. B.
    Foschini, L.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Gibby, L.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Granot, J.
    Greiner, J.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Grupe, D.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hoversten, E. A.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Kippen, R. M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocevski, D.
    Kouveliotou, C.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McBreen, S.
    McEnery, J. E.
    McGlynn, S.
    Mészáros, P.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Moretti, E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nakamori, T.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohno, M.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paciesas, W. S.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Petrosian, V.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Preece, R.
    Rainò, S.
    Ramirez-Ruiz, E.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Razzaque, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ritz, S.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Schalk, T. L.
    Sgrò, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stecker, F. W.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Toma, K.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Troja, E.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Uehara, T.
    Usher, T. L.
    van der Horst, A. J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    von Kienlin, A.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Wilson-Hodge, C.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Wu, X. F.
    Yamazaki, R.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    the Fermi LAT Collaboration,
    A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum gravity effects2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 462, no 7271, p. 331-334Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A cornerstone of Einstein’s special relativity is Lorentz invariance—the postulate that all observers measure exactly the same speed of light in vacuum, independent of photon-energy. While special relativity assumes that there is no fundamental length-scale associated with such invariance, there is a fundamental scale (the Planck scale, lPlanck~1.62×10-33cm or EPlanck = MPlanckc2~1.22×1019GeV), at which quantum effects are expected to strongly affect the nature of space–time. There is great interest in the (not yet validated) idea that Lorentz invariance might break near the Planck scale. A key test of such violation of Lorentz invariance is a possible variation of photon speed with energy. Even a tiny variation in photon speed, when accumulated over cosmological light-travel times, may be revealed by observing sharp features in γ-ray burst (GRB) light-curves. Here we report the detection of emission up to ~31GeV from the distant and short GRB090510. We find no evidence for the violation of Lorentz invariance, and place a lower limit of 1.2EPlanck on the scale of a linear energy dependence (or an inverse wavelength dependence), subject to reasonable assumptions about the emission (equivalently we have an upper limit of lPlanck/1.2 on the length scale of the effect). Our results disfavour quantum-gravity theories in which the quantum nature of space–time on a very small scale linearly alters the speed of light.

  • 11. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Asano, K.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, Magnus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Baring, M. G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Bhat, P. N.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Briggs, M. S.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burgess, J. M.
    Burrows, D. N.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Çelik, Ö.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Connaughton, V.
    Conrad, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Cutini, S.
    d'Elia, V.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    Dingus, B. L.
    Silva, E. do Couto e.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Finke, J.
    Fishman, G.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fortin, P.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giavitto, G.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Goldstein, A.
    Granot, J.
    Greiner, J.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Horan, D.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jackson, M. S.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Kippen, R. M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocevski, D.
    Komin, N.
    Kouveliotou, C.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McBreen, S.
    McEnery, J. E.
    McGlynn, S.
    Meegan, C.
    Mészáros, P.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Moretti, E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nakamori, T.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohno, M.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Paciesas, W. S.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Petrosian, V.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Preece, R.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Rau, A.
    Razzano, M.
    Razzaque, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ritz, S.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Roming, P. W. A.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Schalk, T. L.
    Sgrò, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spinelli, P.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stecker, F. W.
    Stratta, G.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Swenson, C. A.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Uehara, T.
    Usher, T. L.
    van der Horst, A. J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    von Kienlin, A.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Wilson-Hodge, C.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Yamazaki, R.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Fermi Observations of GRB 090902B: A Distinct Spectral Component in the Prompt and Delayed Emission2009In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 706, no 1, p. L138-L144Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the observation of the bright, long gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 090902B, by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on-board the Fermi observatory. This was one of the brightest GRBs to have been observed by the LAT, which detected several hundred photons during the prompt phase. With a redshift of z = 1.822, this burst is among the most luminous detected by Fermi. Time-resolved spectral analysis reveals a significant power-law component in the LAT data that is distinct from the usual Band model emission that is seen in the sub-MeV energy range. This power-law component appears to extrapolate from the GeV range to the lowest energies and is more intense than the Band component, both below ~50 keV and above 100 MeV. The Band component undergoes substantial spectral evolution over the entire course of the burst, while the photon index of the power-law component remains constant for most of the prompt phase, then hardens significantly toward the end. After the prompt phase, power-law emission persists in the LAT data as late as 1 ks post-trigger, with its flux declining as t –1.5. The LAT detected a photon with the highest energy so far measured from a GRB, 33.4+2.7 –3.5 GeV. This event arrived 82 s after the GBM trigger and ~50 s after the prompt phase emission had ended in the GBM band. We discuss the implications of these results for models of GRB emission and for constraints on models of the extragalactic background light

  • 12. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwoo, W. B.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bottacini, E.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Charles, E.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Cutini, S.
    D'Ammando, F.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Dermer, C. D.
    Digel, S. W.
    Silva, E. do Couto E
    Drell, P. S.
    Drlica-Wagner, A.
    Dubois, R.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fortin, P.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giommi, P.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Gomez-Vargas, G. A.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Hays, E.
    Hill, A. B.
    Horan, D.
    Hou, X.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Iafrate, G.
    Jackson, M. S.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Mehault, J.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Naumann-Godo, M.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohno, M.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Okumura, A.
    Omodei, N.
    Orienti, M.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Pierbattista, M.
    Piron, F.
    Pivato, G.
    Poon, H.
    Porter, T. A.
    Prokhorov, D.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Razzaque, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Roth, M.
    Sadrozinski, H. F. -W
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Sbarra, C.
    Schalk, T. L.
    Sgro, C.
    Share, G. H.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Stawarz, L.
    Takahashi, H.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tinivella, M.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Troja, E.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vianello, G.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, D. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Yang, Zhaoyu
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Zimmer, Stephan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF gamma-RAY EMISSION FROM THE MOON2012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 758, no 2, p. 140-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Moon during the first 24 months of observations by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This emission comes from particle cascades produced by cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei and electrons interacting with the lunar surface. The differential spectrum of the Moon is soft and can be described as a log-parabolic function with an effective cutoff at 2-3 GeV, while the average integral flux measured with the LAT from the beginning of observations in 2008 August to the end of 2010 August is F(> 100 MeV) = (1.04 +/- 0.01 [statistical error] +/- 0.1 [systematic error]) x 10(-6) cm(-2) s(-1). This flux is about a factor 2-3 higher than that observed between 1991 and 1994 by the EGRET experiment on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, F(> 100 MeV) approximate to 5 x 10(-7) cm-2 s-1, when solar activity was relatively high. The higher gamma-ray flux measured by Fermi is consistent with the deep solar minimum conditions during the first 24 months of the mission, which reduced effects of heliospheric modulation, and thus increased the heliospheric flux of Galactic CRs. A detailed comparison of the light curve with McMurdo Neutron Monitor rates suggests a correlation of the trends. The Moon and the Sun are so far the only known bright emitters of gamma-rays with fast celestial motion. Their paths across the sky are projected onto the Galactic center and high Galactic latitudes as well as onto other areas crowded with high-energy gamma-ray sources. Analysis of the lunar and solar emission may thus be important for studies of weak and transient sources near the ecliptic.

  • 13. Abdo, A A
    et al.
    Ackermann, M
    Ajello, M
    Atwood, W B
    Axelsson, M
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L
    Ballet, J
    Barbiellini, G
    Baring, M G
    Bastieri, D
    Baughman, B M
    Bechtol, K
    Bellazzini, R
    Berenji, B
    Bignami, G F
    Blandford, R D
    Bloom, E D
    Bonamente, E
    Borgland, A W
    Bregeon, J
    Brez, A
    Brigida, M
    Bruel, P
    Burnett, T H
    Caliandro, G A
    Cameron, R A
    Camilo, F
    Caraveo, P A
    Carlson, P
    Casandjian, J M
    Cecchi, C
    Celik, O
    Charles, E
    Chekhtman, A
    Cheung, C C
    Chiang, J
    Ciprini, S
    Claus, R
    Cognard, I
    Cohen-Tanugi, J
    Cominsky, L R
    Conrad, J
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Corbet, R
    Cutini, S
    Dermer, C D
    Desvignes, G
    de Angelis, A
    de Luca, A
    de Palma, F
    Digel, S W
    Dormody, M
    do Couto e Silva, E
    Drell, P S
    Dubois, R
    Dumora, D
    Edmonds, Y
    Farnier, C
    Favuzzi, C
    Fegan, S J
    Focke, W B
    Frailis, M
    Freire, P C C
    Fukazawa, Y
    Funk, S
    Fusco, P
    Gargano, F
    Gasparrini, D
    Gehrels, N
    Germani, S
    Giebels, B
    Giglietto, N
    Giordano, F
    Glanzman, T
    Godfrey, G
    Grenier, I A
    Grondin, M H
    Grove, J E
    Guillemot, L
    Guiriec, S
    Hanabata, Y
    Harding, A K
    Hayashida, M
    Hays, E
    Hobbs, G
    Hughes, R E
    Jóhannesson, G
    Johnson, A S
    Johnson, R P
    Johnson, T J
    Johnson, W N
    Johnston, S
    Kamae, T
    Katagiri, H
    Kataoka, J
    Kawai, N
    Kerr, M
    Knödlseder, J
    Kocian, M L
    Kramer, M
    Kuss, M
    Lande, J
    Latronico, L
    Lemoine-Goumard, M
    Longo, F
    Loparco, F
    Lott, B
    Lovellette, M N
    Lubrano, P
    Madejski, G M
    Makeev, A
    Manchester, R N
    Marelli, M
    Mazziotta, M N
    McConville, W
    McEnery, J E
    McLaughlin, M A
    Meurer, C
    Michelson, P F
    Mitthumsiri, W
    Mizuno, T
    Moiseev, A A
    Monte, C
    Monzani, M E
    Morselli, A
    Moskalenko, I V
    Murgia, S
    Nolan, P L
    Norris, J P
    Nuss, E
    Ohsugi, T
    Omodei, N
    Orlando, E
    Ormes, J F
    Paneque, D
    Panetta, J H
    Parent, D
    Pelassa, V
    Pepe, M
    Pesce-Rollins, M
    Piron, F
    Porter, T A
    Rainò, S
    Rando, R
    Ransom, S M
    Ray, P S
    Razzano, M
    Rea, N
    Reimer, A
    Reimer, O
    Reposeur, T
    Ritz, S
    Rochester, L S
    Rodriguez, A Y
    Romani, R W
    Roth, M
    Ryde, F
    Sadrozinski, H F W
    Sanchez, D
    Sander, A
    Saz Parkinson, P M
    Scargle, J D
    Schalk, T L
    Sgrò, C
    Siskind, E J
    Smith, D A
    Smith, P D
    Spandre, G
    Spinelli, P
    Stappers, B W
    Starck, J L
    Striani, E
    Strickman, M S
    Suson, D J
    Tajima, H
    Takahashi, H
    Tanaka, T
    Thayer, J B
    Thayer, J G
    Theureau, G
    Thompson, D J
    Thorsett, S E
    Tibaldo, L
    Torres, D F
    Tosti, G
    Tramacere, A
    Uchiyama, Y
    Usher, T L
    Van Etten, A
    Vasileiou, V
    Venter, C
    Vilchez, N
    Vitale, V
    Waite, A P
    Wallace, E
    Wang, P
    Watters, K
    Webb, N
    Weltevrede, P
    Winer, B L
    Wood, K S
    Ylinen, T
    Ziegler, M
    A population of gamma-ray millisecond pulsars seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope.2009In: Science (New York, N.Y.), ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 325, no 5942, p. 848-52Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsars are born with subsecond spin periods and slow by electromagnetic braking for several tens of millions of years, when detectable radiation ceases. A second life can occur for neutron stars in binary systems. They can acquire mass and angular momentum from their companions, to be spun up to millisecond periods and begin radiating again. We searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars (MSPs) outside of globular clusters, using rotation parameters from radio telescopes. Strong gamma-ray pulsations were detected for eight MSPs. The gamma-ray pulse profiles and spectral properties resemble those of young gamma-ray pulsars. The basic emission mechanism seems to be the same for MSPs and young pulsars, with the emission originating in regions far from the neutron star surface.

  • 14. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Baring, M. G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Baughman, B. M.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Camilo, F.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cognard, I.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Dormody, M.
    Silva, E. do Couto e.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Frailis, M.
    Freire, P. C. C.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Halpern, J.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hobbs, G.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, T. J.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Johnston, S.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kramer, M.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Lyne, A. G.
    Makeev, A.
    Manchester, R. N.
    Marelli, M.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Noutsos, A.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Ransom, S. M.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Romani, R. W.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Sgrò, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Stappers, B. W.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Theureau, G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Thorsett, S. E.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Van Etten, A.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Wang, N.
    Watters, K.
    Weltevrede, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Fermi Large Area Telescope Detection of Pulsed γ-rays from the Vela-like Pulsars PSR J1048–5832 and PSR J2229+61142009In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 706, no 2, p. 1331-1340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the detection of γ-ray pulsations (>=0.1 GeV) from PSR J2229+6114 and PSR J1048–5832, the latter having been detected as a low-significance pulsar by EGRET. Data in the γ-ray band were acquired by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, while the radio rotational ephemerides used to fold the γ-ray light curves were obtained using the Green Bank Telescope, the Lovell telescope at Jodrell Bank, and the Parkes Telescope. The two young radio pulsars, located within the error circles of the previously unidentified EGRET sources 3EG J1048–5840 and 3EG J2227+6122, present spin-down characteristics similar to the Vela pulsar. PSR J1048–5832 shows two sharp peaks at phases 0.15 ± 0.01 and 0.57 ± 0.01 relative to the radio pulse confirming the EGRET light curve, while PSR J2229+6114 presents a very broad peak at phase 0.49 ± 0.01. The γ-ray spectra above 0.1 GeV of both pulsars are fit with power laws having exponential cutoffs near 3 GeV, leading to integral photon fluxes of (2.19 ± 0.22 ± 0.32) × 10–7 cm–2 s–1 for PSR J1048–5832 and (3.77 ± 0.22 ± 0.44) × 10–7 cm–2 s–1 for PSR J2229+6114. The first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. PSR J1048–5832 is one of the two LAT sources which were entangled together as 3EG J1048–5840. These detections add to the growing number of young γ-ray pulsars that make up the dominant population of GeV γ-ray sources in the Galactic plane.

  • 15. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Baring, M. G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Çelik, Ö.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Cutini, S.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Di Bernardo, G.
    Silva, E. do Couto e.
    Drell, P. S.
    Drlica-Wagner, A.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Finke, J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fortin, P.
    Foschini, L.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giavitto, G.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giommi, P.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Horan, D.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jackson, M. S.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McConville, W.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Ritz, S.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Schalk, T. L.
    Sellerholm, A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Sgrò, C.
    Shaw, M. S.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Tanaka, Y.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Fermi Observations of TeV-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei2009In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 707, no 2, p. 1310-1333Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on observations of TeV-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) made during the first 5.5 months of observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi). In total, 96 AGNs were selected for study, each being either (1) a source detected at TeV energies (28 sources) or (2) an object that has been studied with TeV instruments and for which an upper limit has been reported (68 objects). The Fermi observations show clear detections of 38 of these TeV-selected objects, of which 21 are joint GeV-TeV sources, and 29 were not in the third EGRET catalog. For each of the 38 Fermi-detected sources, spectra and light curves are presented. Most can be described with a power law of spectral index harder than 2.0, with a spectral break generally required to accommodate the TeV measurements. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi spectrum, we identify sources, not previously detected at TeV energies, which are promising targets for TeV instruments. Evidence for systematic evolution of the γ-ray spectrum with redshift is presented and discussed in the context of interaction with the extragalactic background light.

  • 16. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Baughman, B. M.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Çelik, Ö.
    Charles, E.
    Chaty, S.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Corbel, S.
    Corbet, R.
    Cutini, S.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Luca, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    Dormody, M.
    do Couto e Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dubus, G.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hill, A. B.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, T. J.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, S.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Latronico, L.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Marelli, M.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Okumura, A.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Ray, P. S.
    Razzano, M.
    Rea, N.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ritz, S.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Romani, R. W.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Sgrò, C.
    Shaw, M. S.
    Sierpowska-Bartosik, A.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Striani, E.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Fermi LAT Observations of LS I +61°303: First Detection of an Orbital Modulation in GeV Gamma Rays2009In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 701, no 2, p. L123-L128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This Letter presents the first results from the observations of LS I +61°303 using Large Area Telescope data from the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope between 2008 August and 2009 March. Our results indicate variability that is consistent with the binary period, with the emission being modulated at 26.6 ± 0.5 days. This constitutes the first detection of orbital periodicity in high-energy gamma rays (20 MeV-100 GeV, HE). The light curve is characterized by a broad peak after periastron, as well as a smaller peak just before apastron. The spectrum is best represented by a power law with an exponential cutoff, yielding an overall flux above 100 MeV of 0.82 ± 0.03(stat) ± 0.07(syst) 10-6 ph cm-2 s-1, with a cutoff at 6.3 ± 1.1(stat) ± 0.4(syst) GeV and photon index Γ = 2.21 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.06(syst). There is no significant spectral change with orbital phase. The phase of maximum emission, close to periastron, hints at inverse Compton scattering as the main radiation mechanism. However, previous very high-energy gamma ray (>100 GeV, VHE) observations by MAGIC and VERITAS show peak emission close to apastron. This and the energy cutoff seen with Fermi suggest that the link between HE and VHE gamma rays is nontrivial.

  • 17. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Baughman, B. M.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Çelik, Ö.
    Chaty, S.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Corbel, S.
    Corbet, R.
    Cutini, S.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    Silva, E. do Couto e.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dubus, G.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fortin, P.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hill, A. B.
    Horan, D.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jackson, M. S.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, T. J.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Larsson, S.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lott, B.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Makeev, A.
    Marelli, M.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Meurer, C.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Moiseev, A. A.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Ozaki, M.
    Paneque, D.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Rainò, S.
    Rando, R.
    Ray, P. S.
    Razzano, M.
    Rea, N.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ritz, S.
    Rochester, L. S.
    Rodriguez, A. Y.
    Romani, R. W.
    Roth, M.
    Ryde, F.
    Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.
    Sanchez, D.
    Sander, A.
    Saz Parkinson, P. M.
    Scargle, J. D.
    Sgrò, C.
    Sierpowska-Bartosik, A.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Tajima, H.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Tanaka, Y.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Venter, C.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wallace, E.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Ylinen, T.
    Ziegler, M.
    Fermi/LAT observations of LS 50392009In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 05717248, Vol. 706, no 1, p. L56-L61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The first results from observations of the high-mass X-ray binary LS 5039 using the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope data between 2008 August and 2009 June are presented. Our results indicate variability that is consistent with the binary period, with the emission being modulated with a period of 3.903 ± 0.005 days; the first detection of this modulation at GeV energies. The light curve is characterized by a broad peak around superior conjunction in agreement with inverse Compton scattering models. The spectrum is represented by a power law with an exponential cutoff, yielding an overall flux (100 MeV-300 GeV) of 4.9 ± 0.5(stat) ± 1.8(syst) ×10–7 photon cm–2 s–1, with a cutoff at 2.1 ± 0.3(stat) ± 1.1(syst) GeV and photon index Γ = 1.9 ± 0.1(stat) ± 0.3(syst). The spectrum is observed to vary with orbital phase, specifically between inferior and superior conjunction. We suggest that the presence of a cutoff in the spectrum may be indicative of magnetospheric emission similar to the emission seen in many pulsars by Fermi.

  • 18. Abdo, A A
    et al.
    Ackermann, M
    Ajello, M
    Atwood, W B
    Axelsson, M
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L
    Ballet, J
    Barbiellini, G
    Bastieri, D
    Baughman, B M
    Bechtol, K
    Bellazzini, R
    Berenji, B
    Blandford, R D
    Bloom, E D
    Bonamente, E
    Borgland, A W
    Bregeon, J
    Brez, A
    Brigida, M
    Bruel, P
    Burnett, T H
    Caliandro, G A
    Cameron, R A
    Caraveo, P A
    Casandjian, J M
    Cecchi, C
    Celik, O
    Charles, E
    Chaty, S
    Chekhtman, A
    Cheung, C C
    Chiang, J
    Ciprini, S
    Claus, R
    Cohen-Tanugi, J
    Conrad, J
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Cutini, S
    Dermer, C D
    de Palma, F
    Digel, S W
    Dormody, M
    do Couto e Silva, E
    Drell, P S
    Dubois, R
    Dumora, D
    Farnier, C
    Favuzzi, C
    Fegan, S J
    Focke, W B
    Frailis, M
    Fukazawa, Y
    Fusco, P
    Gargano, F
    Gasparrini, D
    Gehrels, N
    Germani, S
    Giebels, B
    Giglietto, N
    Giordano, F
    Glanzman, T
    Godfrey, G
    Grenier, I A
    Grove, J E
    Guillemot, L
    Guiriec, S
    Hanabata, Y
    Harding, A K
    Hayashida, M
    Hays, E
    Horan, D
    Hughes, R E
    Jóhannesson, G
    Johnson, A S
    Johnson, R P
    Johnson, T J
    Johnson, W N
    Kamae, T
    Katagiri, H
    Kawai, N
    Kerr, M
    Knödlseder, J
    Kuehn, F
    Kuss, M
    Lande, J
    Latronico, L
    Lemoine-Goumard, M
    Longo, F
    Loparco, F
    Lott, B
    Lovellette, M N
    Lubrano, P
    Makeev, A
    Mazziotta, M N
    McConville, W
    McEnery, J E
    Meurer, C
    Michelson, P F
    Mitthumsiri, W
    Mizuno, T
    Moiseev, A A
    Monte, C
    Monzani, M E
    Morselli, A
    Moskalenko, I V
    Murgia, S
    Nolan, P L
    Norris, J P
    Nuss, E
    Ohsugi, T
    Omodei, N
    Orlando, E
    Ormes, J F
    Paneque, D
    Panetta, J H
    Parent, D
    Pelassa, V
    Pepe, M
    Pierbattista, M
    Piron, F
    Porter, T A
    Rainò, S
    Rando, R
    Razzano, M
    Rea, N
    Reimer, A
    Reimer, O
    Reposeur, T
    Ritz, S
    Rochester, L S
    Rodriguez, A Y
    Romani, R W
    Roth, M
    Ryde, F
    Sadrozinski, H F-W
    Sanchez, D
    Sander, A
    Saz Parkinson, P M
    Sgrò, C
    Smith, D A
    Smith, P D
    Spandre, G
    Spinelli, P
    Starck, J-L
    Strickman, M S
    Suson, D J
    Tajima, H
    Takahashi, H
    Tanaka, T
    Thayer, J B
    Thayer, J G
    Thompson, D J
    Tibaldo, L
    Torres, D F
    Tosti, G
    Tramacere, A
    Uchiyama, Y
    Usher, T L
    Vasileiou, V
    Vilchez, N
    Vitale, V
    Wang, P
    Webb, N
    Winer, B L
    Wood, K S
    Ylinen, T
    Ziegler, M
    Detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae with Fermi.2009In: Science (New York, N.Y.), ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 325, no 5942, p. 845-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the detection of gamma-ray emissions above 200 megaelectron volts at a significance level of 17sigma from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, using data obtained with the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Globular clusters are expected to emit gamma rays because of the large populations of millisecond pulsars that they contain. The spectral shape of 47 Tucanae is consistent with gamma-ray emission from a population of millisecond pulsars. The observed gamma-ray luminosity implies an upper limit of 60 millisecond pulsars present in 47 Tucanae.

  • 19. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Baughman, B. M.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Carlson, P.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Çelik, Ö.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Cutini, S.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    Silva, E. do Couto e.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Farnier, C.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Focke, W. B.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giebels, B.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M.-H.
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hanabata, Y.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jóhannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, R. P.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kawai, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Knödlseder, J.
    Kocian, M. L.
    Kuehn, F.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.