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  • 1. Abubakar, Amin
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Social connectedness, life satisfaction and school engagement: moderating role of ethnic minority status on resilience processes of Roma youth2016In: European Journal of Developmental Psychology, ISSN 1740-5629, E-ISSN 1740-5610, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 361-376Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We examined the influence of connectedness on school engagement and life satisfaction among Roma (n = 121) and Bulgarian (n = 143) mainstream adolescents (mean age 15.89, SD = 1.18). A set of measures on family, peer, school and neighbourhood connectedness were administered alongside life satisfaction and school engagement scales. Multigroup path analysis indicated that while the relationship between connectedness, life satisfaction and school engagement was largely the same across groups, the strength of such relationship differed among groups. A closer inspection of the model indicated that when it comes to school engagement, there was a salient difference in the role of different forms of connectedness between Roma and mainstream adolescents. For Roma adolescents, familial connectedness was especially salient for school engagement. The practical and theoretical implications of our findings for strengths and adaptive processes among Roma adolescents in Bulgaria are discussed.

  • 2. Abubakar, Amina
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Stefenel, Delia
    Uka, Fitim
    Zahaj, Skerdi
    Murimi, Paul
    van de Vijver, Fons
    Associations Between Social Connectedness and Academic Achievement Among Roma Youth in Eastern Europe2021In: Roma Minority Youth Across Cultural Contexts: Taking a Positive Approach to Research, Policy, and Practice / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova; David Lackland Sam; Laura Ferrer Wreder, Oxford University Press, 2021, p. 133-155Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, the authors report on a study that examined relations between social connectedness, school engagement, and achievement in minority (Roma) and majority youth in Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Romania. Based on a social connectedness model, they investigated the interplay of two connectedness domains (i.e., school and family) and their relations to school engagement and achievement. Participants were 1,063 adolescents who completed the Social Connectedness Scale on school engagement and average academic achievement. The authors found that social connectedness, especially school connectedness, was associated with school engagement while parental education was associated with school achievement. Implications are discussed in terms of how these findings are relevant to greater insight into the promotion of connectedness and the academic success of minority and majority youth across the countries under investigation.

  • 3. Abubakar, Amina
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Tair, Ergyul
    Measurement Invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults Across 23 Cultural Contexts2016In: Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, ISSN 0734-2829, E-ISSN 1557-5144, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 28-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is hardly any cross-cultural research on the measurement invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scales (BMSLSS). The current article evaluates the measurement invariance of the BMSLSS across cultural contexts. This cross-sectional study sampled 7,739 adolescents and emerging adults in 23 countries. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of configural and partial measurement weights invariance models, indicating similar patterns and strengths in factor loading for both adolescents and emerging adults across various countries. We found insufficient evidence for scalar invariance in both the adolescents’ and the emerging adults’ samples. A multi-level confirmatory factor analysis indicated configural invariance of the structure at country and individual level. Internal consistency, evaluated by alpha and omega coefficients per country, yielded acceptable results. The translated BMSLSS across different cultural contexts presents good psychometric characteristics similar to what has been reported in the original scale, though scalar invariance remains problematic. Our results indicate that the BMSLSS forms a brief measure of life satisfaction, which has accrued substantial evidence of construct validity, thus suitable for use in cross-cultural surveys with adolescents and emerging adults, although evaluation of degree of invariance must be carried out to ensure its suitability for mean comparisons.

  • 4.
    Alm, Charlotte
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Rehnberg, Nora Helmy
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Language and eyewitness suggestibility2019In: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, ISSN 1544-4759, E-ISSN 1544-4767, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 201-212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During forensic interviews, eyewitnesses are to retrieve correct information from memory. Cognitive load should be high, leading to risks of giving in to suggestive questions and difficulties in memory retrieval generally. Testifying in a non-native vs. native language may require even more cognitive effort due to the need to inhibit the interference of the native language. Such witnesses may also be more motivated to appear credible because they often belong to ethnic outgroups relative to forensic professionals, risking more scepticism. In this study, Swedish participants (N = 51) reported their memory of a simulated crime event either in English (non-native language) or in Swedish (native language) and were tested for suggestibility and accuracy. Results showed that English-speaking witnesses yielded to more suggestive questions, perceived themselves as less credible but were equally accurate. Results suggest that testifying in a non-native language is taxing cognitive resources, in turn increasing suggestibility and suboptimal memory search.

  • 5. Andersson Konke, Linn
    et al.
    Forslund, Tommie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Nilsson-Jobs, Elisabeth
    Nyström, Pär
    Falck-Ytter, Terje
    Brocki, Karin
    How Does Temperament in Toddlers at Elevated Likelihood for Autism Relate to Symptoms of Autism and ADHD at Three Years of Age?2022In: Journal of autism and developmental disorders, ISSN 0162-3257, E-ISSN 1573-3432, Vol. 52, p. 995-1006Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study investigated longitudinal associations between parent-rated temperament, observed exuberance and accelerometer activity level at 18-months and symptoms of ASD and ADHD at 36-months in a sample of 54 children at elevated likelihood for ASD. For the specific parent-rated temperament scales, most observed significant associations appeared to be specific for either ASD or ADHD symptoms. Indeed, by controlling for overlapping symptoms a different pattern of associations emerged. These results illustrate how temperamental measures may signal risk for later ASD versus ADHD symptomatology in infants at elevated likelihood for ASD. In addition, they indicate the potential of adopting a broader view on neurodevelopmental disorders by investigating not only ASD traits, but also co-occurring disorders such as ADHD in samples of elevated likelihood for ASD.

  • 6.
    Andrén, Victoria
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Centre for Innovation, Research and Education, Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Yourstone, Jenny
    Damberg, Mattias
    Gender and arson: psychosocial, psychological, and somatic offender characteristics at the time of the crime2023In: Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, ISSN 1478-9949, E-ISSN 1478-9957, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 113-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Deliberate fire-setting, such as the crime of arson, can have devastating, even lethal, consequences. This study compared factors at the time of arson by female and male offenders in Sweden between 2000–2010. The women (n = 100), and men (n = 100) included in this study were randomly chosen from among all individuals who had been convicted for arson during this period and who underwent forensic psychiatric investigations. Information regarding psychiatric and somatic characteristics, their psychosocial situation, and whether they were in contact with health or social services before the arsons were examined. The results showed that both women and men have complex psychiatric and somatic characteristics, as well as psychosocial situations. Women showed more self-destructive behaviour, lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores, and had been in contact with psychiatric health services to a greater extent than men. More women than men had children. These findings suggest that specific actions may be needed for preventing and treating women compared with men at risk for committing arson.

  • 7. Avdic, Hanna Björlin
    et al.
    Strannegård, Claes
    Engberg, Hedvig
    Willfors, Charlotte
    Nordgren, Ida
    Frisen, Louise
    Hirschberg, Angelica Linden
    Guath, Mona
    Nordgren, Ann
    Kleberg, Johan L.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Reduced effects of social feedback on learning in Turner syndrome2023In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 15858Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Turner syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a complete or partial loss of one of the X chromosomes. Previous studies indicate that Turner syndrome is associated with challenges in social skills, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. A possible mechanism is a reduced social influence on learning. The current study examined the impact of social and non-social feedback on learning in women with Turner syndrome (n=35) and a sex- and age-matched control group (n=37). Participants were instructed to earn points by repeatedly choosing between two stimuli with unequal probabilities of resulting in a reward. Mastering the task therefore required participants to learn through feedback which of the two stimuli was more likely to be rewarded. Data were analyzed using computational modeling and analyses of choice behavior. Social feedback led to a more explorative choice behavior in the control group, resulting in reduced learning compared to non-social feedback. No effects of social feedback on learning were found in Turner syndrome. The current study thus indicates that women with Turner syndrome may be less sensitive to social influences on reinforcement learning, than the general population.

  • 8. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Baylar, Ayben
    Cagla Keles, Seray
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Hiroshima University, Japan .
    Positive Affect and School Related Outcomes: Feeling Good Facilitates School Engagement Among Turkish-Bulgarian Minority Adolescents2017In: Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures: Novel Approaches and Findings from Europe, Asia, Africa and America / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova, Cham: Springer, 2017, p. 145-156Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fredrickson's (Rev Gen Psychol 2:300-319, 1998, Am Psychol 56:218-226, 2001) Broaden and Build Theory (BBT) proposes that experiencing positive affect results in broadened thoughts and behaviors, which facilitate adaptive responses to various environmental conditions. The present chapter tests the applicability of this theory for school engagement in an acculturation context and examines whether or to what extent positive affect also facilitates school engagement for 201 Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents (59% male) aged 14-19 years. Results showed that experiencing positive affect was positively related to school engagement among Turkish-Bulgarian youth, and thereby provide support for the applicability of Fredrickson's theory in an acculturation contect. Findings highlight the role of positive affect for school engagement and can be used to facilitate the adaption process of youth by promoting the creation of environment in which the experience of positive affect is fostered.

  • 9. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Brief report: When does identity lead to negative affective experiences?: A comparison of Turkish–Bulgarian and Turkish–German adolescents2016In: Journal of Adolescence, ISSN 0140-1971, E-ISSN 1095-9254, Vol. 47, p. 125-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We examine relationships between social identity domains (ethnic, national, and religious) and negative affect among Turkish–Bulgarian and Turkish–German youth. Path analysis confirmed a multiple social identities (MSI) factor that has negative relations to experiencing negative affect for Turkish youth in both countries. Beyond this negative relationship, the component of national identity showed a positive relationship to negative affect for Turkish–Bulgarians, but not for Turkish–Germans. Our findings indicate that beyond the generally adaptive effect of MSI on youth development, unique components of social identity may not always be an asset: In an assimilative acculturation context (i.e., Bulgaria), the endorsement of national identity was not adaptive. Our research therefore highlights the need for a contextually differentiated view on “healthy” identity formation among immigrants for research and practice.

  • 10. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Tepe, Beyza
    Nurcan, Elif
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    How prosocial behavior turns bad into good: An examination among Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents2021In: Current Psychology, ISSN 1046-1310, E-ISSN 1936-4733, Vol. 40, no 8, p. 3986-3996Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Building on the Altruism Born of Suffering (ABS) Hypothesis, the present research tests the mediator role of prosocial behavior on the link between perceived personal discrimination and several psychological well-being outcomes in a sample of Turkish-Bulgarian minority youth. We argue that perceived personal discrimination is linked to prosocial behavior, which in turn alleviates discriminations' detrimental effects on life satisfaction, self-esteem, negative affect and loneliness. Results revealed that prosocial behavior partially mediated the link between perceived personal discrimination and life satisfaction, perceived personal discrimination and self-esteem, and perceived personal discrimination and loneliness, while no mediating effect was found for negative affect. Our research contributes to the existing literature on minority youth dealing with discrimination, and proposes prosocial behavior to be a mechanism of resilient functioning against the maladaptive effects of perceived personal discrimination.

  • 11. Bacro, Fabien
    et al.
    Forslund, Tommie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. SUF Resource Center, Region Uppsala, Sweden.
    Granqvist, Pehr
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Children’s Multiple Attachment Relationships and Representations in Different Family Contexts2021In: Attachment Theory and Research: A Reader / [ed] Tommie Forslund; Robbie Duschinsky, Wiley-Blackwell, 2021, p. 228-239Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Portugal.
    van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.
    Sensitive responsiveness in expectant and new fathers2023In: Current opinion in psychology, ISSN 2352-250X, Vol. 50, article id 101580Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fathers have an increasingly important role in the family and contribute through their sensitive responsiveness to positive child development. Research on parenting more often included fathers as caregivers in the past two decades. We present a neurobiological model of sensitive responsive parenting with a role for fathers' hormonal levels and neural connectivity and processing of infant signals. We tested this model in a research program (Father Trials) with correlational and randomized experimental studies, and we review the results of these studies. So far, interaction-focused behavioral interventions seem most promising in supporting fathers' sensitive respon-siveness, even though the mechanisms are still uncharted.

  • 13.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology.
    Direct and sustained effects on leadership self-efficacy due to the inability to complete a parachute training course2020In: Nordic Psychology, ISSN 1901-2276, E-ISSN 1904-0016, Vol. 72, no 3, p. 222-234Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study examined a parachute training course intended to improve the leadership abilities of future military officers. Two research questions were examined. First, whether there were any differences between completers and non-completers in anxiety, stress, and collective identity at the beginning of the course (time 1), and second, whether there were any differences between completers and non-completers in leadership self-efficacy immediately after the course and at a five-month follow-up (time 2 and time 3). Participants were cadets from the Swedish Military Academy undergoing the course as part of their officer training curriculum. The results showed no significant differences between completers and non-completers in anxiety, stress, and collective identity at the beginning of the course (time 1). Non-completers showed a significant reduction in leader self-control efficacy compared to those who completed the training immediately after the course and at a five-month follow-up (time 2 and 3). Overall, these results indicate that non-completion of this type of demanding training could have negative effects on the individual's leader self-control efficacy.

  • 14.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology.
    From believing to doing: The association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model2021In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 12, article id 669905Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model. The purpose is to better understand how leadership training transfers to facets of developmental leadership. This was tested in a cross-sectional design with military commanders in the Swedish armed forces. The results show that the sub-domain of leader self-control efficacy (the cognitive and emotional ability to remain composure) did predict developmental leadership in only one dimension of being an exemplary model, but that leader assertiveness efficacy (the ability to make rational decisions) predicted the two dimensions of exemplary model and inspiration & motivation in developmental leadership. One possibility is that leader self-control efficacy can be what enables the individual to function within an extreme context, but leader assertiveness efficacy can be what most determine the leadership performance within that context. The possibility for mediatory analyses in further research is discussed.

  • 15.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Work and organizational psychology.
    Preparing to lead in combat: Development of leadership self-efficacy by static-line parachuting2019In: Military Psychology, ISSN 0899-5605, E-ISSN 1532-7876, Vol. 31, no 6, p. 481-489Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study examined whether a static-line parachute program could help prepare future military officers to lead in extreme situations by increasing leadership self-efficacy. Parachute training is commonly used for preparing to lead in combat since it presents a perceived threat to life which requires active mastery. Achieving such mastery facilitates the development of leader self-control efficacy and leader assertiveness efficacy. This assumption was tested in a real training situation within the Swedish Military Academy where two groups of cadets were included in the study. The group of cadets undertaking parachute training conducted repeated measures of assessment of their self-efficacy before and after the course as well as at a five-month follow-up. The results show that parachute training increased leader self-control efficacy when compared to a group of cadets who undertook different training. In addition, the training given contributed to increased leader assertiveness efficacy for both groups.

  • 16. Bilewicz, Michał
    et al.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    The promise and limits of moral exemplars for intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation2023In: Conflict Resolution Quarterly, ISSN 1536-5581, E-ISSN 1541-1508, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 7-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stories about moral exemplars can provide crucial information about the moral heterogeneity of social groups involved in the conflict. This article addresses the role of moral exemplars narratives in changing perceptions of violent historic intergroup conflicts. We propose that two central outcomes of such interventions make them potentially an effective approach for improving intergroup relations in situations of violent intergroup conflict: (1) facilitation of intergroup contact and (2) increasing reconciliatory attitudes. Although most of the existing research on moral exemplars is focused on their positive outcomes, we suggest that moral exemplars might also have destructive consequences: they could be misused to gain an advantage in an intergroup conflict and might stress the immorality of the non-helping majority. By integrating these two possibilities, we propose a curvilinear model of the effects of moral exemplars narratives in post-conflict reconciliation and resolution of violent conflicts.

  • 17.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Intimate relationships and olfaction: Body odors, adult attachment, and romance2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Odors influence several aspects of life, such as thoughts, memories, decisions, and emotions. Numerous studies have shown that human behavior can be affected by odors in different contexts. One such context is social relationships, in which body odors play a role. For example, previous studies have shown that close family members can identify each other’s body odors and prefer these compared to the body odors of non-family members. However, further research is needed to establish how body odors and olfactory functioning affect interpersonal behaviors and intimate relationships. In this thesis, I have conducted three studies highlighting the interplay between intimate relationships and olfaction. The overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate if and how olfaction is related to behaviors in intimate relationships.

    Study I tested if a romantic partner’s body odors have stress-altering effects and whether such effects differ depending on individual differences in romantic attachment security. As the practice of smelling a partner’s worn garment has been reported as a self-treatment against stress, my colleagues and I carried out an experiment to determine whether exposure to a partner’s body odor attenuates adult individuals’ subjective discomfort and psychophysiological responses. To induce discomfort and stress responses, participants were exposed to weak electric shocks while smelling their partner’s body odor (experimental condition) and three control odors (control conditions). The results showed that partner body odor had an attenuating effect on subjective discomfort during stress. Additionally, highly attachment-secure participants exhibited attenuated skin conductance specifically when exposed to their partner’s body odor. Thus, study I concluded that partner body odor is a scent of security, especially for relatively attachment-secure adults.

    Next, to determine whether olfaction is linked to sexual outcomes in intimate relationships, study II explored associations between self-reported olfactory functioning, on the one hand, and infidelity and sexual well-being, on the other, using a survey design. Our exploratory analyses found that self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being positively and infidelity negatively, while controlling for other relevant socio-demographic variables. These results are discussed from a relationship science perspective, in which one’s intimate partner signifies sexual bonding in addition to caregiving and attachment. Thus, study II suggests that a partner’s body odor might be a scent of monogamy.

    Study III summarized the literature on populations with an impaired or total absence of a sense of smell. The interplay between olfaction and intimate relationship variables was examined by reviewing research reports and empirical studies concerning individuals with an impaired sense of smell. My colleague and I provided an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact three types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. For romantic relationships, which are the main focus of this thesis, three categories were defined in which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: eating, social support, and sexuality. Thus, study III concludes that olfactory ability is related to various romantic, intimate relationship behaviors.

    In sum, all three studies reported findings highlighting that olfaction (body odors and olfactory functioning) is related to intimate relationships. The results from the three studies are discussed via theoretical frameworks concerning the sense of smell, romantic relationships, and attachment. The thesis concludes that olfactory functioning and the experience of body odors are meaningful for intimate relationships and, as such, also for various behaviors in these relationships.

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  • 18.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Stress and odors2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Compared to our other senses, the sense of smell has a unique and anatomically direct pathway to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis which might have many important implicit and explicit functions in reducing stress. In a set of behavioral experiments, we pursued the hypothesis that the sense of smell could reduce psychophysiological measured stress, i.e. skin conductance levels (SCL), after a stress induction paradigm using weak electric shocks. In study one, we used the framework of attachment theory stating that an adult attachment figure should provide a relief and comfort if the individual is exposed to a stressful event. The results showed that such a relief and comfort can be achieved for the secure individuals by simply smelling their partner´s body odor. Presence of their partners body odor significantly reduced SCL compared to when smelling their own, a neutral or a positive odor. In study two, a multisensory paradigm with virtual reality was used to test whether odors uniquely reduce stress responses within three different environments; urban parks, forests and cities. Our findings showed that high psychological pleasantness was linked to low stress response for the olfactory and visual senses. Taken together these findings demonstrate that both social and environmental odors are able to provide stress release and further, provide a framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms of olfaction cues and stress.

  • 19.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Gruneau Brulin, Joel
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Liuzza, Marco Tullio
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Carlbring, Per
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Clinical psychology.
    Should I Stay or Should I Go? Relationship satisfaction and the influence of attachment2019Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Romantic relationships have been argued to function as attachment relationships, and the level of satisfaction with the relationship have been associated with one’s attachment style. Both attachment avoidance and anxiety have shown to be reliable predictors of relationship dissatisfaction. In this study, which were part of a screening process for couples’ therapy, 660 participants (330 both heterosexual and homosexual couples) completed a questionnaire regarding their attachment style (Experience of Close Relationships) and relationship satisfaction (Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Through structural equation modelling we found that relationship satisfaction was linked to both attachment avoidance (? = -.26) and anxiety (? = -.15) of one own, but only to partner avoidance (? = -.12). These findings are to some extent contradictory to previous research regarding the effect of partner attachment, by showing that specifically avoidance but not anxiety is linked to dissatisfaction.

  • 20.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Hofer, Marlise
    Olfactory Impairment and Close Social Relationships: A Narrative Review2021In: Chemical Senses, ISSN 0379-864X, E-ISSN 1464-3553, Vol. 46, article id bjab037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Olfactory impairment is one of the more unique symptoms of COVID-19 infection and has therefore enjoyed increased public attention in recent months. Olfactory impairment has various implications and consequences ranging from difficulty detecting dangerous pathogens to hindering social functioning and social behaviors. We provide an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact 3 types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. Evidence is divided into several categories representing potential mechanisms by which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: bonding disruptions, decreased social support, missed group-eating experiences, hygiene concerns, and altered sexual behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of emerging future research questions.

  • 21.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Izzo, Giulia
    Vaccaro, Maria Grazia
    La Vignera, Sandra
    Brunetti, Antonio
    Aversa, Antonio
    Liuzza, Marco Tullio
    The scent of monogamy: self-reported olfactory function predicts sexual well-being and infidelity in an Italian population2022In: Archives of Sexual Behavior, ISSN 0004-0002, E-ISSN 1573-2800, Vol. 51, no 6, p. 2879-2889Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have shown that olfactory function plays an essential role in the bonding of a romantic relationship. Body odors, in particular, seem involved in both mate choices and other intimate behaviors. Our sense of smell is also crucial to detect possible pathogen threats, by activating a suitable disgust reaction. Previous studies have shown that disgust sensitivity is negatively related to sociosexuality, and disgust generally inhibits our sexual drive. In the present study, we explored the possible relation between olfactory function, pathogen disgust sensitivity, sociosexuality, sexual well-being, and infidelity through a web survey. Our exploratory analyses found that, in a large Italian sample (N = 1107), among those in a stable relationship, self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being (p < .05) and negatively predicted infidelity (p < .05) when controlling for other relevant sociodemographics variables. Moreover, the relation between self-reported olfactory function and sexual well-being was mediated by pathogen disgust sensitivity. Although significant, these results must be interpreted with caution, because the effect sizes were small.

  • 22.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Opendak, Maya
    Wilson, Donald
    Sullivan, Regina
    Abusive caregivers are not a secure base for their infant: Understanding the neurobiology using a rodent model2019In: 52nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, October 16-18, 2019: Final program and abstracts, 2019, p. 51-51, article id P2-82Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early life experiences are essential for a healthy development according to both human and animal research. From the attachment literature the primary caregiver has always been the center of attention in predicating outcomes in later development of the child.

    The attachment literature also highlights two functions that the caregiver implicit activate, the safe haven and the secure base functions. Safe haven function is when the infant can depend on the caregiver for comfort and relief if stressed. The secure base function is described as when the caregiver works as a platform for the child to explore. This latter function has the intent to describe the infant’s balance between two behaviours; exploration and proximity seeking.

    In this study we are linking the described attachment behaviour system with a neurobiological approach of measuring cortical local field potential (LFP) oscillations in rat pups. By using an experimental setting with both measures of behaviour and LFP where the pup interacts with the mother and a stranger we evaluate the secure base function. In addition, we are applying the Scarcity-Adversity Model of maltreatment to disentangle critical attachment disruptions. We are discovering differences in the two different groups of rat pups (control and maltreatment) and are reflecting on these results both on an attachment behavioral and neurobiological developmental level.

  • 23.
    Bojerud, Erik
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Ngan, Elizabeth
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute.
    Balter, Leonie J. T.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Axelsson, John
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sundelin, Tina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Speech adaptation is resilient to sleep restriction2024In: Journal of Sleep Research, 33(S1): Supplement: Abstracts for the 27th Congress of the European Sleep Research Society, 24–27 September 2024, Seville, Spain, 2024, article id P579Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The social effects of insufficient sleep represent a relatively new area of study in sleep research. For instance, the influence of sleep on verbal communication, particularly communicative perspective-taking and adaptation based on audience, is underexplored. Furthermore, studies on how sleep affects speaking patterns are limited, although slowed speech has been indicated as an effect of sleep loss. Given the importance of effective communication in all areas of life, understanding the harmful effects of insufficient sleep on communication is vital. The present study investigated whether sleep restriction affects speech speed and the ability to adjust one's speech depending on the listener.

    Method: In an experimental cross-over study, 273 participants described nine abstract figures separately to a child and an adult, both of whom were depicted as photos on a computer screen. This task was completed under two conditions: sleep-saturated (nine in bed hours/night for two nights) and sleep-restricted (four hours in bed/night for two nights). The descriptions were analysed for number of words spoken per minute, average number of words spoken per figure described, and average word length.

    Results: Using mixed linear models, we found that sleep restriction significantly reduced speech speed by about 3.52 words per minute (p = 0.003) and decreased the number of words used per figure by 2.20 (p < 0.001), with no difference in word length (p = 0.261). Participants adapted their speech depending on whether the listener was a child or an adult by using fewer words per figure (1.71 fewer words, p < 0.001) and shorter words (0.02 fewer letters, p = 0.011) when speaking to a child. There was no difference in how quickly they spoke to a child compared to an adult (p = 0.136). Additionally, no interaction effects were observed between sleep condition and whether the listener was an adult or a child (all p > 0.570).

    Conclusion: Although sleep restriction led to slowed speech, it did not significantly impair the tendency to tailor one's speech to different listeners. These findings suggest a resilience in the social cognitive processes involved in tailoring speech to different audiences following insufficient sleep.

  • 24.
    Bojerud, Erik
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Younadam, Ramina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Testing a moral exemplar intervention in a non-conflict context: The effects of moral exemplars on key dimensions of outgroup evaluations2023In: Conflict Resolution Quarterly, ISSN 1536-5581, E-ISSN 1541-1508, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 93-108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Moral exemplar interventions have been shown to increase many positive intergroup outcomes, including perceptions of outgroup morality. However, existing research on moral exemplar interventions has only been conducted in post-conflict contexts. This study investigates the effects of a moral exemplar intervention on outgroup evaluations in a non-conflict context. By examining the effects on three key dimensions of outgroup evaluations (morality, sociability, and competence) in Sweden, we aim to extend the generalizability of moral exemplar interventions. An online experiment was conducted with self-identified Swedes (N = 193) to explore the effects of outgroup (Middle Eastern) moral versus neutral exemplars. Results indicate that moral exemplar stories increased perceptions of outgroup morality while not significantly affecting perceived outgroup competence or sociability. These findings support the hypothesis that moral exemplars influence a specific positive dimension of outgroup evaluations, namely perceptions of morality, rather than any positive dimension such as sociability or competence. The present study also gives tentative support for the applicability of moral exemplar interventions in contexts and settings with no recent history of collective violence. 

  • 25. Bosson, Jennifer K.
    et al.
    Jurek, Pawel
    Vandello, Joseph A.
    Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza
    Olech, Michal
    Besta, Tomasz
    Bender, Michael
    Hoorens, Vera
    Becker, Maja
    Timur Sevincer, A.
    Best, Deborah L.
    Safdar, Saba
    Wlodarczyk, Anna
    Zawisza, Magdalena
    Zadkowska, Magdalena
    Abuhamdeh, Sami
    Badu Agyemang, Collins
    Akbas, Gulcin
    Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan
    Ammirati, Soline
    Anderson, Joel
    Anjum, Gulnaz
    Ariyanto, Amarina
    Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John
    Ashraf, Mujeeba
    Bakaityte, Aiste
    Bertolli, Chiara
    Berxulli, Dashamir
    Bi, Chongzeng
    Block, Katharina
    Boehnke, Mandy
    Bongiorno, Renata
    Bosak, Janine
    Casini, Annalisa
    Chen, Qingwei
    Chi, Peilian
    Cubela Adoric, Vera
    Daalmans, Serena
    Dandy, Justine
    de Lemus, Soledad
    Dhakal, Sandesh
    Dvorianchikov, Nikolay
    Egami, Sonoko
    Etchezahar, Edgardo
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Felix, Neto
    Froehlich, Laura
    Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain
    Gavreliuc, Alin
    Gavreliuc, Dana
    Gomez, Angel
    Guizzo, Francesca
    Graf, Sylvie
    Greijdanus, Hedy
    Grigoryan, Ani
    Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna
    Guerch, Keltouma
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Hale, Miriam-Linnea
    Hamer, Hannah
    Hirai, Mika
    Hoang Duc, Lam
    Hrebickova, Martina
    Hutchings, Paul B.
    Hoj Jensen, Dorthe
    Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga
    Karabati, Serdar
    Kelmendi, Kaltrina
    Kengyel, Gabriella
    Khachatryan, Narine
    Ghazzawi, Rawan
    Kinahan, Mary
    Kirby, Teri A.
    Kovacs, Monika
    Kozlowski, Desiree
    Krivoshchekov, Vladislav
    Kulich, Clara
    Kurosawa, Tai
    Thi Lac An, Nhan
    Labarthe, Javier
    Latu, Ioana
    Anne Lauri, Mary
    Mankowski, Eric
    Musbau Lawal, Abiodun
    Li, Junyi
    Lindner, Jana
    Lindqvist, Anna
    Maitner, Angela T.
    Makarova, Elena
    Makashvili, Ana
    Malayeri, Shera
    Malik, Sadia
    Mancini, Tiziana
    Manzi, Claudia
    Mari, Silvia
    Martiny, Sarah E.
    Mayer, Claude-Helene
    Mihic, Vladimir
    Milosevic Dordevic, Jasna
    Moreno-Bella, Eva
    Moscatelli, Silvia
    Bryan Moynihan, Andrew
    Muller, Dominique
    Narhetali, Erita
    Neto, Felix
    Noels, Kimberly A.
    Nyul, Boglarka
    O'Connor, Emma C.
    Ochoa, Danielle P.
    Ohno, Sachiko
    Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman
    Osborne, Randall
    Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria
    Palacio, Jorge
    Patnaik, Snigdha
    Pavlopoulos, Vassilis
    Perez de Leon, Pablo
    Piterova, Ivana
    Barreiros Porto, Juliana
    Puzio, Angelica
    Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna
    Renteria Perez, Erico
    Renstrom, Emma
    Rousseaux, Tiphaine
    Ryan, Michelle K.
    Sainz, Mario
    Salvati, Marco
    Samekin, Adil
    Schindler, Simon
    Seydi, Masoumeh
    Shepherd, Debra
    Sherbaji, Sara
    Schmader, Toni
    Simao, Claudia
    Sobhie, Rosita
    Souza, Lucille De
    Sarter, Emma
    Sulejmanovic, Dijana
    Sullivan, Katie E.
    Tatsumi, Mariko
    Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy
    Jain Thakur, Suparna
    Thi Mong Chi, Quang
    Torre, Beatriz
    Torres, Ana
    Torres, Claudio V.
    Turkoglu, Beril
    Ungaretti, Joaquin
    Valshtein, Timothy
    Van Laar, Colette
    van der Noll, Jolanda
    Vasiutynskyi, Vadym
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Venalainen, Satu
    Vohra, Neharika
    Walentynowicz, Marta
    Ward, Colleen
    Yang, Yaping
    Yzerbyt, Vincent
    Zanello, Valeska
    Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Antonella
    Zukauskiene, Rita
    Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations2021In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, ISSN 0022-0221, E-ISSN 1552-5422, Vol. 52, no 3, p. 231-258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

  • 26.
    Bracco, Sofia Elena
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Sczesny, Sabine
    How trans and gender non-conforming people are represented in online news media.2022Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Trans and gender non conforming (TGNC) people represent one of the most marginalized groups in society and their unemployment rates are three times higher than cisgender people’s average. Cisgender people tend to derive stereotypes and mental representations of TGNC individuals from the media since they lack direct contact with them. Media coverage can therefore work as parasocial contact and improve or worsen people’s attitudes towards minorities. This study analyzes the way TGNC people are represented in online news media across 3 countries that vary in their ranking on LGTBT rights: the UK (11/49 European states for achieved LGBTI rights, Sweden (9/49), and Italy (35/49).

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  • 27.
    Bracco, Sofia Elena
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Neidenmark, Gideon
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Sczesny, Sabine
    Effects of trans and gender diverse people's media representations on attitudes towards them2023Conference paper (Other academic)
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    fulltext
  • 28.
    Bracco, Sofia Elena
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Sczesny, Sabine
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Media Portrayals of Trans and Gender Diverse People: A Comparative Analysis of News Headlines Across Europe2024In: Sex Roles, ISSN 0360-0025, E-ISSN 1573-2762, Vol. 90, p. 491-507Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Media representations of minorities (re)produce the societal context they are immersed in; thus, while media representations of trans and gender diverse (TGD) people have historically been negative and stigmatizing, different sociocultural contexts across countries can lead to considerable variations in these representations. The present study investigated how media representations of TGD people in news headlines varied across three European countries with different levels of legal protection and social acceptance of gender minorities: Sweden (high), the UK (medium), and Italy (low). In total, 830 headlines (Sweden = 300; UK = 300; Italy = 230) were coded for their valence (i.e., positive, neutral/mixed, negative), recurring social roles (i.e., criminals, victims, pioneers, professionals), gender aspects (i.e., target’s gender, misgendering), body aspects (i.e., medicalization, objectification), and focus (i.e., individual, group). We found that more gender-egalitarian societal contexts (Sweden, the UK) were associated with less negative and more neutral valence, less representations of TGD people as victims of discrimination and violence, more representations of gender diverse people, less misgendering, and less objectification. Trans women were represented more often than trans men and gender diverse people across all countries. By comparing news media representations of TGD people across countries, this research helps to shed light on the correspondences between media representations of gender minorities and the different levels of legal protection and social acceptance they experience.

  • 29. Broberg, Anders
    et al.
    Risholm Mothander, Pia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Granqvist, Pehr
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Anknytningsteori2020 (ed. 2)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Anknytningsteorin är en av de viktigaste teorierna om nära relationer. Den beskriver betydelsen av tidiga anknytningserfarenheter för den fortsatta utvecklingen av nära känslomässiga relationer under barndom, tonår och vuxenliv.

    Denna andra utgåva av grundboken Anknytningsteori tar upp den senaste anknytningsforskningen och beskriver hur anknytningen utvecklas från vaggan till graven. Den är grundligt reviderad och utökad med bland annat flera uppdaterade kapitel från Anknytning i praktiken, exempelvis om desorganiserad anknytning, anknytningsbedömningar i olika åldrar samt anknytningsbaserade interventioner. Nya kapitel som tillkommit behandlar bland annat genetik och kultur. Boken ger således en heltäckande och aktuell presentation av anknytningsteorin och flera av dess tillämpningar.

    Anknytningsteori är skriven för studerande och yrkesverksamma inom psykologi, psykiatri, socialt arbete, pedagogik, medicin och till vidareutbildningar i psykoterapi.

  • 30. Buisman, Renate S. M.
    et al.
    Compier-de Block, Laura H. C. G.
    Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Portugal.
    Pittner, Katharina
    van den Berg, Lisa J. M.
    Tollenaar, Marieke S.
    Elzinga, Bernet M.
    Voorthuis, Alexandra
    Linting, Mariëlle
    Alink, Lenneke R. A.
    The role of emotion recognition in the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment: A multigenerational family study2024In: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect, ISSN 0145-2134, E-ISSN 1873-7757, Vol. 149, p. 106699-, article id 106699Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Understanding how child maltreatment is passed down from one generation to the next is crucial for the development of intervention and prevention strategies that may break the cycle of child maltreatment. Changes in emotion recognition due to childhood maltreatment have repeatedly been found, and may underly the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment.

    Objective

    In this study we, therefore, examined whether the ability to recognize emotions plays a role in the intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect.

    Participants and setting

    A total of 250 parents (104 males, 146 females) were included that participated in a three-generation family study.

    Method

    Participants completed an emotion recognition task in which they were presented with series of photographs that depicted the unfolding of facial expressions from neutrality to the peak emotions anger, fear, happiness, and sadness. Multi-informant measures were used to examine experienced and perpetrated child maltreatment.

    Results

    A history of abuse, but not neglect, predicted a shorter reaction time to identify fear and anger. In addition, parents who showed higher levels of neglectful behavior made more errors in identifying fear, whereas parents who showed higher levels of abusive behavior made more errors in identifying anger. Emotion recognition did not mediate the association between experienced and perpetrated child maltreatment.

    Conclusions

    Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between abuse and neglect when investigating the precursors and sequalae of child maltreatment. In addition, the effectiveness of interventions that aim to break the cycle of abuse and neglect could be improved by better addressing the specific problems with emotion processing of abusive and neglectful parents.

  • 31. Burrows, Brooke
    et al.
    Tropp, Linda R.
    Dehrone, Trisha A.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    How Intergroup Contact Shapes Intergroup Attitudes and Construals of Relations Between Ethnic Groups: Evidence From Bosnia and Herzegovina2022In: Peace and Conflict: The Journal of Peace Psychology, ISSN 1078-1919, E-ISSN 1532-7949, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 372-383Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two studies examined how intergroup contact in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) corresponds with shifts in intergroup attitudes and broader construals of intergroup relations in society. In Study 1, youth in Bosnia-Herzegovina from diverse ethnic backgrounds (n = 122) responded to a survey about their contact experiences, intergroup attitudes, and perceptions of relations between ethnic groups in BiH. Study 1 demonstrated that among Bosnian youth, more frequent positive intergroup contact significantly predicted more positive attitudes toward ethnic outgroup members (e.g., outgroup trust, closeness, empathy, humanization, and willingness for future contact), but did not predict holding more positive broader construals of relations between ethnic groups in BiH (e.g., as enemies or allies). Study 2 used a pre–post design to replicate and extend these findings by evaluating the effects of a week-long “Peace Camp” Intervention that brought together youth from diverse ethnic backgrounds (n = 43). This study found that youth reported significantly more positive attitudes following the Peace Camp Intervention; however, there were no significant pre–post differences in youths’ construals of relations between ethnic groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that, in contexts of ethnic conflict, intergroup contact may have greater effects on measures that tap into intergroup attitudes toward ethnic outgroups than on measures that assess their broader construals of relations between groups in society. 

  • 32. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Internal versus External Ethnic Identification of Roma: Implications for Social Inclusion in Romania2016In: Social Work Review, ISSN 1583-0608, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Roma represent the most relevant and sizable ethnic minority across Europe with estimates varying from 10 up to 15 million of people. However, discrepancy in external (ascribed by others) and internal or self-defined ethnic identification of Roma are largely present in Europe and Romania in particular. We set out to explore internal and external ethnic identification of Romanian Roma by investigating Roma communities from 58 Romanian sites (10 cities and 48 villages), based on data collected from local experts (policemen, teachers, social workers, religious leaders). Results showed that: a) external ethnic identification (identification made by others) is three times higher than the official census data and the extreme poverty is the common characteristic of Roma communities; b) according to local experts, main markers to identify Roma refer to geographic proximity, extreme poverty, poor living conditions and enlarged family size. Implications for social inclusion programs at local and European level are discussed along with directions for future research.

  • 33. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Hiroshima University, Japan .
    Positive Affect and the Experience of Meaning in Life Among Romanian Emerging Adults2017In: Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures: Novel Approaches and Findings from Europe, Asia, Africa and America / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova, Cham: Springer, 2017, p. 95-103Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Meaning in life has been consistently documented as an essential component for a "good life" and a key to positive functioning (Davis, Wortman, Lehman, & Silver, 2000; Scollon & King, 2004). In this chapter, we examined the relationship between positive affect (PA) and the experience of life meaning among emerging adults in Romania. Results showed that PA was positively and significantly correlated with meaning of life and the most consistent predictor of the overall experience of meaning of life. We conclude that positive moods may predispose emerging adults to feel that life is meaningful. These results provide new knowledge on the construct of meaning in life among under investigated cultural sample in Europe in line with renewed attention on psychological strengths in emerging adulthood.

  • 34. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    The Roma Context2021In: Roma Minority Youth Across Cultural Contexts: Taking a Positive Approach to Research, Policy, and Practice / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova; David Lackland Sam; Laura Ferrer Wreder, Oxford University Press, 2021, p. 3-15Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter presents an overview of the current situation of Roma ethnic minority groups. The authors provide a brief historical outline as well as a summary of major sociodemographic, cultural, and contextual characteristics of Roma. They compare these characteristics across different countries hosting Roma populations and discuss their potential importance for children and youth within broader social and cultural contexts. Drawing on currently available empirical work with these populations, the authors address the question of whether traditional developmental frameworks can apply to oppressed minority settings. They also examine how unique cultural-specific and universal features of Roma can inform the understanding of optimal adaptation in adolescence. The authors conclude by emphasizing the relevance of recognizing that oppressed minority groups such as Roma have potentials and strengths on which we need to build, rather than assume that their communities are only characterized by adversity and deficits.

  • 35. Bäck, Emma A.
    et al.
    Bäck, Hanna
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Sikström, Sverker
    From I to We: Group Formation and Linguistic Adaption in an Online Xenophobic Forum2018In: The Journal of Social and Political Psychology, E-ISSN 2195-3325, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 76-91Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Much of identity formation processes nowadays takes place online, indicating that intergroup differentiation may be found in online communities. This paper focuses on identity formation processes in an open online xenophobic, anti-immigrant, discussion forum. Open discussion forums provide an excellent opportunity to investigate open interactions that may reveal how identity is formed and how individual users are influenced by other users. Using computational text analysis and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), our results show that new users change from an individual identification to a group identification over time as indicated by a decrease in the use of “I” and increase in the use of “we”. The analyses also show increased use of “they” indicating intergroup differentiation. Moreover, the linguistic style of new users became more similar to that of the overall forum over time. Further, the emotional content decreased over time. The results indicate that new users on a forum create a collective identity with the other users and adapt to them linguistically.

  • 36.
    Cancino Montecinos, Sebastian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    New perspectives on cognitive dissonance theory2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive consistency is generally considered a fundamental aspect of the human mind, and cognitive dissonance theory is the most famous and studies theory within this framework. Dissonance theory holds that when related cognitions are in conflict (e.g. when behaving counter to one’s attitudes), people will experience negative affect. This affective reaction motivates people to engage in various dissonance-reduction strategies (e.g. attitude change). The aim of this thesis was to investigate some novel, and unanswered questions within dissonance research, and to relate dissonance theory to neighboring theories.

    In Study I, it was predicted (and supported) that cognitive dissonance (writing a counter-attitudinal essay in the induced-compliance paradigm) would lead to people exhibiting an abstract mindset. The rationale for this prediction (based on action-identification theory) was that unfamiliar and difficult situations, were action is usually impeded (much like dissonant situations), lead to individuals adopting more concrete representations of the situation – for the sake action execution. However, since people usually want to find meaning in their actions, they will quickly, after the action is executed, adopt an abstract representation of the situation – which might also lead to spillover effects were people’s mental representation of their actions in general become more abstract.

    In Study II, the aim was to investigate to what extent, and how, emotions relate to the attitude-change effect in the induced-compliance paradigm. Past researchers usually predict that negative emotions should be positively related to this effect. Based on the notion of emotion regulation, however, attitude change (a form of reappraisal) implies that people are positively (and less negatively) tuned to the situation – and should therefore feel more positive (and less negative) emotions towards the situation. Thus, contrary to past research, it was predicted that negative emotions would be inversely related to attitude change, and positive emotions would be positively related to attitude change. Result across two experiments supported these predictions.

    Lastly, in Study III, the aim was to provide a general theoretical model of dissonance reduction. Based on a cognitive-emotion perspective (including appraisal theories of emotion, emotion regulation, and coping), it was suggested that reduction processes are influenced by the intensity of the initial affective reaction. This affective reaction is in turn influenced by the magnitude of the dissonance and the novelty-familiarity dimension of the situation. When the dissonance magnitude is too big, and the situation novel, people might disengage rather quickly (leaving the situation or distracting themselves). If, however, people have enough motivation and cognitive capacity, they might engage more in the reduction processes. The advantage of this model is that it can be applied to any dissonant situation.

    Taken together, these studies suggest that there is still much to discover in dissonance research, and much can be gained by conceptualizing dissonance processes within a cognitive-emotion framework. Future research should focus more on how the social context (e.g. influence of other people) might affect these dissonance processes. More emphasis should also be put on the prevalence of different dissonant situations, and the accompanied reduction attempts, in real-life settings.

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  • 37.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    A General Model of Dissonance Reduction: Unifying Past Accounts via an Emotion Regulation Perspective2020In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 11, article id 540081Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive dissonance has been studied for more than 60 years and many insightful findings have come from this research. However, some important theoretical and methodological issues are yet to be resolved, particularly regarding dissonance reduction. In this paper, we place dissonance theory in the larger framework of appraisal theories of emotion, emotion regulation, and coping. The basic premise of dissonance theory is that people experience negative affect (to varying degrees) following the detection of cognitive conflict. The individual will be motivated to alleviate these emotional reactions and could do so by reducing dissonance in some manner. We argue that detection of dissonance will follow the same principles as when people interpret any other stimuli as emotionally significant. Thus, appraisal theory of emotion, which argues that emotions are generated via the cognitive evaluation of surrounding stimuli, should be applicable to the dissonance-detection process. In short, we argue that dissonance-reduction strategies (attitude change, trivialization, denial of responsibility, etc.) can be understood as emotion-regulation strategies. We further argue that this perspective contributes to reconciling fragmented (and sometimes contrary) viewpoints present in the literature on dissonance reduction. In addition to proposing the general model of dissonance reduction, we illustrate at the hand of empirical data how research on dissonance reduction can be performed without relying on experimental paradigms that focus on a specific reduction strategy.

  • 38.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Dissonance and abstraction: Cognitive conflict leads to higher level of construal2018In: European Journal of Social Psychology, ISSN 0046-2772, E-ISSN 1099-0992, Vol. 48, no 1, p. 100-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of cognitive conflict on abstract thinking. According to action-identification theory, an ambiguous and unfamiliar situation might propel an individual to a more abstract mindset. Based on this premise, cognitive conflict was hypothesized to put people in an abstract mindset. The induced compliance paradigm, in which participants are asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay under either low choice (producing little dissonance) or high choice (producing more dissonance), was employed. Results showed that an abstract mindset was in fact activated in the induced compliance paradigm, and this effect was more pronounced for participants having a more concrete mindset to begin with. The results suggest that the experience of cognitive conflict is closely related to increased abstraction.

  • 39.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Dissonance reduction as emotion regulation: Attitude change is related to positive emotions in the induced compliance paradigm2018In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, no 12, article id e0209012Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to clarify how positive and negative emotions are related to the common attitude-change effect in cognitive dissonance research. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, and emotion-regulation research, we predicted that negative emotions would be inversely related to attitude change, whereas positive emotions would be positively related to attitude change in the induced compliance paradigm. In two studies, participants (N = 44; N = 106) wrote a counter-attitudinal essay under the perception of high choice, and were later asked to state their emotions in relation to writing this essay, as well as to state their attitude. Results confirmed the predictions, even when controlling for baseline emotions. These findings untangled a previously unresolved issue in dissonance research, which in turn shows how important emotion theories are for the understanding of cognitive dissonance processes.

  • 40.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Borg, Elisabet
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Perception and psychophysics.
    Assessing traits in a psychophysical way: Reassessing need for cognition and behavioral inhibition/approach2018In: Proceedings of the 34 th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics / [ed] Friedrich Müller, Lara Ludwigs, Malizia Kupper, International Society for Psychophysics , 2018, p. 36-42Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate if different scale formats affect what conclusion one can draw about the prevalence of a specific trait in a sample. More specifically, we compared the original scale format of Need for cognition (1-5) and Behavioral Inhibition/Approach (1-4) with an 11-point scale (0-10), and a psychophysical scale originally developed to measure physical exertion, Borg centiMax Scale®. Forty-eight psychology undergraduate students participated in return for course credit. In a within-subjects design, all participants completed both questionnaires in all three versions. Results revealed that the mean was consistently reaching ceiling effects when using the original scale formats, and the variation was relatively low compared to the other scales. In sum, the results revealed that the scale format plays a significant role in how prevalent a specific trait becomes in a sample.

  • 41.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Dissonance and abstraction: Cognitive conflict leads to higher level of construal2017In: 18th General Meeting of The European Association of Social Psychology: Programme and Abstract Book, European Association of Social Psychology , 2017, p. 123-123Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of cognitive conflict on abstraction. Results revealed that an abstract mindset was in fact activated when participants experienced cognitive conflict. This suggest that cognitive conflicts are closely related to increased abstraction.

  • 42.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Cognitive dissonance leads to an abstract mindset2016In: Book of abstract, 2016, p. 38-38Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of cognitive dissonance on abstract thinking. According to action-identification theory, whenever people try to understand a situation in a new way, they activate an abstract mindset. Based on this premise, dissonance was hypothesized to put people in an abstract mindset. The induced compliance paradigm, in which participants are asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay under either low choice (producing little dissonance) or high choice (producing more dissonance), was employed. Results showed that dissonance did in fact activate a more abstract mindset, and this effect was more pronounced for participants having a more concrete mindset to begin with. This suggests that increasing abstraction, as a reaction to cognitive conflict, is a way for people to resolve inconsistencies.

  • 43.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    The effects of cognitive dissonance on abstract thinking: Dissonance leads to an abstract mindset2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we investigated how individuals’ abstract thinking increases when experiencing dissonance. Dissonance theory holds that people reduce dissonance by accommodating their attitudes in order to fit their most recent behavior. This process resembles the reasoning of action-identification theory (AIT), which postulates that people usually try to understand their actions in a meaningful and coherent way, and also that actions can take on new meanings when people move from a low-level to a high-level understanding of the action. Thus, acting inconsistently threatens the coherent understanding of ones action; and in order to regain a sense of consonance, people will try to find a new meaning of their action (e.g., via attitude change). However, this occurs when moving to a high-level understanding (i.e., thinking more abstractly) of ones action. However, the effect of dissonance on abstraction should be stronger for individuals with low level of abstraction to begin with – since AIT holds that people who naturally tend to think abstractly already have high-level understandings of their actions. We predicted that: (1) dissonance puts people in a more abstract mindset, and (2) this effect will be more apparent for individuals low in abstraction. First, we established participants’ natural tendencies to abstract thinking with the Gestalt Completion Test (GCT). This variable was later split into low and high GCT. Several days later, we employed the induced compliance paradigm, in which participants were asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay under either low choice or high choice. High-choice participants usually experience more dissonance. We also created a neutral condition (to serve as a comparison to the other conditions) in which individuals were asked to write a pro-attitudinal essay. After the induced compliance manipulation, the Behavior Identification Form (BIF) was used to measure abstraction. The sample consisted of 125 non-psychology students. A 3 (condition: high-choice vs. low-choice vs. neutral) ˙ 2 (GCT: low vs. high) between subjects factorial ANOVA showed that participants in the high-choice condition (who experienced more dissonance) did exhibit a more abstract mindset, and level of GCT moderated this effect. The following simple effects analysis showed a significant effect for the low-GCT groups: (F(2, 119) = 6.607, p = .002, &#951;2 = .100) and the pairwise comparisons revealed that high-choice participants exhibited a significantly more abstract mindset (M = 16.65, SD = 4.54) compared to both the low-choice participants (M = 13.18, SD = 4.45) p = .013, d = .77 and the neutral participants (M = 12.25, SD = 4.71) p < .001, d = .95. No significant effects were found when comparing the high-GCT groups (p = .398). The present study demonstrated that dissonance activates abstract thinking, which is thought to facilitate people’s understanding their recent actions. This finding has important implication for the future study of consequences of cognitive conflicts, and also the study of how abstraction enables people to find new meanings of their own actions. Hence, investigation on these mechanisms could shed more light on how people regulate their thoughts, emotions and behavior in real time.

  • 44. Castano, Emanuele
    et al.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Leidner, Bernhard
    Baumert, Anna
    Li, Mengyao
    Out-group help in the time of Covid-19 and intergroup reconciliation in the Western Balkans2024In: European Journal of Social Psychology, ISSN 0046-2772, E-ISSN 1099-0992, Vol. 54, no 5, p. 1099-1109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In March 2021, Serbia made the unprecedented announcement to offer free Covid-19 vaccination to citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and notably to Bosniaks, against whom three decades earlier Serbia had waged a bloody war. How was this policy appraised and, most importantly, did the policy appraisal impact reconciliation? We report here the results of a longitudinal investigation amid a representative sample of Bosniak youth (N = 450). Results suggest that a positive appraisal of this actual, state-level policy, predicted improvement on a series of intergroup reconciliation indicators (e.g., trust in the out-group, forgiveness for past violence, hope for future relationship), particularly so amid those who are strongly attached to their Bosniak in-group.

  • 45.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Barn- och elevombudets utredningar och beslut efter anmälan om kränkningar i skolan2019In: Festskrift till Wiveka Warnling Conradson / [ed] Richard Arvidsson, Pernilla Leviner, Jane Reichel, Mauro Zamboni, Karin Åhman, Jure, 2019, p. 73-86Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Power relations in pre-school children's play2021In: Early Child Development and Care, ISSN 0300-4430, E-ISSN 1476-8275, Vol. 191, no 4, p. 612-623Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As few studies have investigated how pre-school children produce and negotiate social positions when powerful positions are claimed, this study explores how 3–5 year-old children construct the social order of peer play when balancing the power game within the interaction. This is a video documented ethnographical case study where the methodology used is inspired by conversation analysis. The findings are that young children, just like older children, can build up and maintain asymmetrical relations during play by jointly co-constructing status positions through their use of language, body space and objects. The subordinates display legitimation of power when their superior playmate utilizes obvious tools to act and maintain their high-status position. However, positioning themselves in power play may imply that they have to endure unpleasant and unfriendly treatment, and this experience provides knowledge of how to dominate others and act from subordinate positions, where some are ‘marginalized and others privileged’.

  • 47.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Young children's play: a matter of advanced strategies among peers2020In: Early Child Development and Care, ISSN 0300-4430, E-ISSN 1476-8275, Vol. 190, no 5, p. 778-790Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores how 3–5 year-old children negotiate participation rights during peer play in a preschool in Sweden. The interest is on how they build relations moment-by-moment. I specifically analyze how they negotiate participation rights with a focus on how they include and exclude each other in the ongoing activity. This is an ethnographic study, and the method is inspired by conversation analysis where the verbal and non-verbal interaction is studied sequentially. The findings are that even very young children are capable of advanced social acts when playing together. Such capacities may include face-threatening acts but also solidarity towards one or more participants. It is important that face-threatening strategies are recognized and addressed as soon as possible because children can need help to find alternative ways to behave when in conflict with one another. Otherwise there is a risk that such strategies, when repeated, cause harm to those children exposed.

  • 48.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lamb, Michael
    Norrman, Erik
    Evaluating the Quality of Investigative Interviews Conducted After the Completion of a Training Program2021In: Investigative Interviewing Research & Practice (II-RP), Vol. 11, no 1, p. 40-52Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A previous study conducted in Sweden showed that criminal investigators who participated in a 6‐month course, including a systematic and extensive training program based on a flexible protocol and during which they received extended supervision, were able to reduce their use of option‐posing and suggestive questions and used more open‐ended questions at the end of the training. However, that study did not determine whether the participants continued to employ preferred interview techniques in the months after the course concluded. In the present study, therefore, we evaluated interviews conducted by 66 Swedish criminal investigators who were given the same training as the previous participants. They attended four different courses between the autumn term of 2013 and the spring term of 2015.The present study specifically focused on changes in interview quality from before the course started, to the final interview at the end of the course and interviews subsequently conducted four months after the course was completed. The coding distinguished between open‐questions (invitations, directives) and risky questions (option‐posing and suggestive prompts). We found that, over time, the participants made increased use of recommended types of questions (invitations and directive questions) and reduced use of risky question types (option‐posing and suggestive questions). This suggests that the training program enhanced the investigators’ interview behavior and that they maintained their good practices after completing the course. This is an important finding because inappropriate interviewing can undermine the legal rights of both alleged victims and suspects. 

  • 49.
    Cehajic-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Learning about moral exemplars and intergroup reconciliation2020Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 50.
    Cehajic-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Perceptions of Shared Morality as an Important Socio-Psychological Mechanism for Finding the Common Ground2019In: Social Psychological Bulletin, E-ISSN 2569-653X, Vol. 14, no 4, article id e2325Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When we think of human history, it is easy to conclude that violent conflicts are unavoidable. Furthermore, in remembering history, we usually recall violent times and are less likely to remember peaceful societal change. Given the way we remember our history, it is easy to lose sight of the existence of peaceful conflict resolutions or other positive societal changes. The Polish Round Table Talks (RT) that took place in 1989 at times of growing political and economic instabilities serve as an example of peaceful and effective negotiation between two opposing and, one might argue, exclusive ideologies. These talks resulted in an agreement between the Communist government of Poland and the opposition movement Solidarity and paved the road towards the present, democratic and independent Polish state. In this commentary I am going to extrapolate some important socio-psychological mechanisms in the light of contributions made by Janusz Reykowski and Janusz Grzelak - both social psychologists. More specifically, I would like to discuss a specific perception of the other negotiating partner that was activated, formed and maintained during the negotiation, which facilitated the successful outcome. I will argue that the perception of shared morality (perceptions of similarity between the in-group and the out-group on the dimension of morality) was an important socio-psychological mechanism that enabled a stream of other positive psychological processes such as development of trust, as well as cooperative and common-oriented goal tendencies.

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    fulltext
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